OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (MILLET NAKAMURA MASANAO.) 



Millet, Ajmfi, a French sculptor, born in Paris in 

 1816 ; died there, Jan. 14, 1891. lie was a pupil of his 

 father, the painter; studied sculpture under David 

 d'Angers, and after 1845 he gave up pointing and 

 confined himself to sculpture. His "Ariadne," with 

 which he gained the first medal in 1857, is in the 

 Luxembourg gallery. He executed the colossal statue 

 of " Vercingetorix" on the supposed site of Alesia in 

 Burgundy, and the "Apollo " on the summit of the 

 Opera building ; also the Murger memorial in Mont- 

 martre, and the recumbent statue of Boudin. He was 

 entirely devoted to art, had few social connections, 

 took no amusement, and sought no honors. 



Morelli, Giovanni, an Italian art critic, born in Ve- 

 rona in February, 1816 ; died in Milan, March 1, 1891. 

 His father, a merchant, died when he was a child, 

 and his mother settled in Bergamo, and sent him to 

 the gymnasium at Aargau, whence he went to the 

 University of Munich, and after a wild student's life 

 was graduated in medicine. He formed associations 

 with scholars and artists in Germany and Switzerland, 

 and visited Paris before he returned to his native land 

 with the intention of teaching comparative anatomy 

 in some university. He soon became more interested 

 in the political movement. Wandering through Italy 

 on horseback, and sojourning now in Florence, now 

 in Koine, whence he sent letters on political sub- 

 jects to the Augsburg" Allgemeine Zeitung," and oc- 

 casionally visiting nis mother in Bergamo, when 

 the revolution of 1848 broke out in Milan he headed 

 the Bergamo volunteers, and, descending on Monza, 

 seized the Austrian barracks. The Provisional Gov- 

 ernment of Lombardy sent him as its diplomatic 

 representative to Frankfort. The next ten years he 

 passed mostly in Bergamo engrossed in the study of 

 the .Renaissance period and its art. In his visits to 

 the galleries of Italy his observant eye caught the 

 idiosyncrasies shown by different masters in little de- 

 tails; and he learned to recognize each painter's work 

 by the defective drawing or peculiar treatment of the 

 ear, the hand, the knee, or other part of the anatomy. 

 Training himself in this method of observation he 

 possessed a criterion by which he could correct the 

 great authorities who filled books with their disputes 

 regarding the authorship^ of paintings by kindred 

 painters who attributed famous works to the wrong 

 masters, and who pronounced good old copies to be 

 originals. He did not, however, enter the ranks of 

 professional critics, being recalled to political life 

 after the war of liberation, in which he took no di- 

 rect part. Elected to represent Bergamo in the Ital- 

 ian Parliament, he took his seat on the right among 

 the adherents of Count Cavour. He fought in the 

 war of 1866 at the head of a band of Alpine volun- 

 teers from Bergamo. In 1873 he was nominated a 

 Senator. He had a part in the work of introducing 

 the new Government in the Romagna. Morelli's 

 discoveries were accepted and promulgated by many 

 writers on art ; his advice was sought by the direct- 

 ors of picture galleries in England and Germany, 

 and liis authority was quoted in the catalogues of the 

 London, Madrid, Dresden, and Munich galleries, but 

 in no Italian catalogue. His critical works were all 

 written in German and published in Germany. In 

 1874 he began to publish his conclusions in the 

 " Zeitschrift fur bildcnde Kunst" over the pen- 

 name " Ivan Lermolieff " (an anagram of his own 

 name), treating first the pictures in the Borghese gal- 

 lery at Rome. In 1880 he published a book on the 

 Italian paintings in the Munich, Dresden, and Berlin 

 galleries. In a curious preface to the Italian edition, 

 which was made by a German, he said it had been 

 translated without his permission, as Italians would 

 not find his views to their taste. His own name was first 

 printed in the English translation, published in 1883. 

 When he changed his opinion regarding any paint- 

 ing he frankly corrected his former statements in the 

 successive editions of his works. His latest judg- 

 ments are contained in two illustrated volumes issued 

 by Brockhaus of Leipsic one, on the Roman galler- 

 ies, in 1890, and the other, in 1891, dealing with the 



German galleries. The last fifteen years of his life 

 were passed in Milan, where he made a choice collec- 

 tion of Italian and Dutch masters, which he be- 

 queathed to the town of Bergamo. By his applica- 

 tion of the experimental method of criticism he 

 cleared away many confused and fanciful traditions 

 of art and assisted to solve the mysteries connected 

 with Giorgipne, Bellini, and other names, and to re- 

 duce to a scientific basis the history of the Venetian, 

 Veronese, and other schools of northern Italy. 



Moseley, Henry Ni, an English naturalist, born in 

 Wandswortli in 1844; died in Clevedon, Somerset- 

 shire, Nov. 10, 1891. He was a son of the can- 

 on of Bristol ; was educated at Harrow and Ex- 

 eter College, Oxford, and studied medicine in Uni- 

 versity College, London, Vienna, and Leipsic. He 

 was a member of the expedition sent by the 

 British Government to observe the solar eclipse 

 in Ceylon and India in 1871, and one of the natural- 

 ists on the " Challenger" expedition of 1872-'76 ; and 

 was specially employed in collecting plants at all the 

 points visited. After his return he resided in Oxford 

 as a fellow of Exeter, and was engaged in preparing 

 his book entitled "Notes of a Naturalist on the 

 'Challenger'" (London, 1879), and in editing his 

 notes for the official report of the expedition. In 

 1881 he became Professor of Human and Compara- 

 tive Anatomy in the University of Oxford. Prof. 

 Moseley published many memoirs on subjects con- 

 nected with natural history and biology, and was the 

 author of a book on " Oregon : its Climate, Resources, 

 People, and Productions" (London, 1878). 



Mutkuroff, Sava, a Bulgarian soldier and statesman, 

 born in 1853; died in Naples, March 15, 1891. He 

 received a military education in Russia, and on the 

 outbreak of the Bulgarian war for independence was 

 assigned to the command of a legion of volunteers 

 raised in Bessarabia, with which he crossed the Bal- 

 kans with Gurko and took a distinguished part in 

 the desperate fighting in the Shipka pass. After the 

 peace he left the Russian service to enter the East 

 Roumclian militia. With Filoff and Nicolaieff he 

 carried through the regulations by which Aleko 

 Pasha, in agreement with the Porte, freed the service 

 from the incubus of Russian control, and opened the 

 way to Bulgarian officers to reach the higher posts. 

 This was the first Bulgarian victory over the Czar's 

 emissaries. In the attempted revolution at Philip- 

 popolis he took a prominent part. In the Servian 

 war he commanded a division of 16,000 men. As 

 commandant of the garrison in Philijppopolis he ar- 

 ranged the march on Sophia in 1886 tor the restora- 

 tion of Prince Alexander Battenberg, and when Alex- 

 ander finally abdicated he was selected by StambulofF 

 to be one of his fellow-regents. After the election 

 of Prince Ferdinand he was appointed Minister of 

 War. He married StambulofPs sister, and was de- 

 voted -to his interests. When he was obliged by fail- 

 ing health to leave his post in 1890, Stambuloff kept 

 it open for him until he was compelled by Prince 

 Ferdinand to choose another War Minister. Mutku- 

 roff was consoled by the appointment of inspector- 

 general with the rank of major-general, but died a 

 fortnight after his promotion. 



Nakamura Masanao, a J apanese scholar, born in 1 830 

 died in Tokio early in July, 1891. He became one of 

 the most eminent Chinese scholars in Japan at a time 

 when no other foreign culture or literature was known. 

 Afterward he studied Dutch and English, acquiring 

 a good literary knowledge of both, and when the 

 revolution of 1868 removed the prohibition which 

 previously prevented any Japanese from traveling 

 abroad, he went to England to improve his acquaint- 

 ance with Occidental civilization. On his return he 

 opened a school like that of his rival, Fukuzawa. 

 Young men and old fiocked from all parts of the em- 

 pire to listen to his lectures on politics and civiliza- 

 tion, and through them his ideas on important ques- 

 tions of the time penetrated the masses more readily 

 than those of the men at the helm of government. 

 Subsequently he became Principal of the Normal 



