680 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (NERUDA PARNELL.) 



policy and present attitude of the ministers of the 

 empire. When the Prince Imperial was killed in 

 South Africa, Prince Jerome, by the family law and 

 the decision of the Senatus-Consultum of 1852, be- 

 came the heir to the imperial throne, and was ac- 

 cepted as such by the majority of the party, but was 

 rejected by Paul'de Cassagnac and the most aggress- 

 ive section of the Bonapartists, on the ground of his 

 untrustworthiness and because the Prince Imperial 

 had designated Prince Victor as his successor. The 



Earty was thus split into two bitter factions, one ad- 

 ering to the father and the other to the son. In 1880 

 he issued a declaration approving the policy of the 

 republic in proscribing the religious orders as a vin- 

 dication of the principles of the Concordat, and de- 

 nouncing the Conservative Union as supporting a 

 policy opposed to civilization, science, and liberty. 

 In 1883 he inconsistently appealed for the support of 

 the Clericals in a manifesto calling for a plebiscite in 

 condemnation of the atheistic republic which had 

 refused its protection to religion, and of the domestic, 

 financial, and foreign policy of the Government. For 

 this he was arrested, but the charge was not pressed. 

 The complete rupture between him and his son Victor 

 was not brought about till 1884, after which the active 

 Bonapartists gravitated into the son's party, which 

 had the Clerical support without which Bonapartism 

 was impotent : others went over to the Orleanists ; 

 and a great number of the rank and file accepted the 

 republic. The law of 1886, banishing the descend- 

 ants of families that have formerly reigned in France, 

 sent both father and son into exile. The Boulangist 

 episode dissipated all the remaining forces of Bona- 

 partism excepting the faithful band still clinging to 

 the hopes of Prince Victor. Prince Jerome Napoleon 

 published many books and pamphlets giving theo- 

 retical expositions of the Napoleonic idea and system. 

 He continued under the empire the publication of 

 the correspondence of Napoleon 1 that was begun 

 under Louis Philippe, and in this he characteristically 

 suppressed everything that derogated from the fame 

 and grandeur of his uncle. His " Napoleon et ses 

 Detracteurs " is a reply to the indictments brought 

 against Bonaparte by M. Lanfrey, Col. Yung, and M. 

 Taine, in which much light is cast on his own char- 

 acter and political principles. In his last will Prince 

 Jerome disinherited his son Victor, and forbade him 

 to be present at the funeral, denouncing him as a 

 traitor and rebel against parental authority. He ap- 

 pointed his son Louis his heir and political successor, 

 to represent his opinions, political and religious, which 

 were the true tradition of Napoleon I, and to fulfill the 

 Napoleonic destiny, which is to be the organization 

 of the French democracy. 



Nerada, Johann, a Bohemian novelist and poet, born 

 in 1835; died Aug. '24, 1891. Educated, before the 

 revival of Czech literature, in German schools, he be- 

 came the chief literary representative of the Nation- 

 alist movement. His writings, most of which were 

 first printed in the " Narodni Lisy," had a strong 

 political tendency and did much to inculcate anti- 

 German feeling. 



Nicolai, Baron, known as Pere Dom Jean Louis 

 Nicolai, a Russian soldier and religious devotee, died at 

 the monastery of the Grande Chartreuse, France, Feb. 

 8, 1891. He was a lieutenant-general in the Eussian 

 army and aide-de-camp to the Czar, and as Governor- 

 General of the Caucasus he suppressed the revolt 

 under Schamyl. Seriously wounded in the course of 

 the campaign, he went to Paris for medical treatment, 

 and there he made the acquaintance of Bishop Du- 

 panloup, through whose arguments he was converted 

 to Roman Catholicism. Becoming a monk, he retired 

 to the Grand Chartreuse, and passed there the last 

 twenty years of his life. 



Nicholas Nicholaievich, Grand Duke of Russia, born 

 at Tsarskoie Selo, Aug. 8, 1831 ; died in St. Peters- 

 burg, April 25, J.891. He was the second of the three 

 brothers of the Czar Alexander II. In the Turkish 

 war of 1877 he was commander-in-chief of the Army 

 of the Danube, and entered Bucharest amid the 



plaudits of the populace. At the end of the campaign 

 and just before the peace he was compelled to resign 

 on account of corrupt dealings with army contracts, 

 in which his brother Constantine was also involved. 

 At the time of his death he was aide-de-carnp to the 

 Czar (his nephew), a field-marshal, and inspector-ircn- 

 eral of engineers and cavalry. While commanding 

 the manoeuvres in Volhynia in October, 1890, lie was 

 suddenly taken insane, and he remained in that con- 

 dition till he died. He married, in 1856, the Princess 

 Alexandra of Oldenburg, and left two sons. 



Paparrigopulos, Constantine, a Greek historian, born 

 in Constantinople in 1815; died in Athens, April 2i 

 1891. He left Turkey after his father and other rel- 

 atives had been beheaded for political reasons, and 

 was educated in the Lycee Richelieu at Odessa. When 

 Greek independence was established he went to the 

 new kingdom and entered the civil service, and in 

 1851 he became Professor of History in the Univer- 

 sity of Athens. A number of historical monographs 

 have been collected in two volumes of " Historical 

 Essays," the first published in 1858 and the other in 

 1890. His chief work was a "History of the Greek 

 People," published in five volumes between 1860 and 

 1874, and in a revised edition in 18S5-'S7. In a vol- 

 ume written in French and published in Paris, en- 

 titled " Histoire de la Civilisation Hellenique," he 

 shows the continuity of Greek history down to 

 modern times. 



Parnell, Charles Stewart, an Irish statesman, born in 

 Avondale, County Wicklow, June 28, 1843 ; died in 

 Brighton England, Oct. 6, 1891. The Parnell family 

 emigrated from England to Ireland in the seventeenth 



century. One of its members was the Rev. Thomas 

 Parnell, the poet, and friend of Swift and Pope. 

 Another was Henry Parnell, who was raised to the 

 peerage as Lord Congleton in 1841. The Avondale 

 estate was bequeathed by a friend to Sir John Par- 

 nell in the last century, and from him descended 

 through his younger son William to John Henry, 

 father of Charles Stewart. In 1834 John Henry 

 Parnell visited the United States, and in May of that 

 year he married Delia Tudor Stewart, daughter 

 of Admiral Charles Stewart, the " Old Ironsides " of 

 the United States navy. He returned with his 

 American bride to Avondale, where he led the life 

 of a country squire. Charles Stewart was their 

 fourth son. When six years old the boy was sent 

 to.Yeovil, and he was afterward prepared* for college 

 by clergymen of the Established Church in Derby- 

 shire and Oxfordshire. He entered Magdalen College, 

 Cambridge, but took no degree. From his mother lie 

 undoubtedly imbibed his early political views. Her 



