OBITUARIES, KORKHiN. i PKRI-ZZI POLAK.) 



n ; 



when a French army occupied Lisbon, and in IM.'. 

 :.niy was declared u kingdom. On the death 

 t' tin- insane o_uccn Muriii in 1-1<; tin- Regent, her 

 sun, wa-s proclaimed Kinir of Portugal, Alirurve/, mul 

 Brazil, under tin- stv lc of .loan VI. In !_'_', on the 



Mllli II- .! the I'l'l-til- ' till- KillL r alld hi* 



.MUM n-turiii-il to l.i.sl.on, and on May l:i. ls-_'-J. |)om 



his eldest soli, was chosen l'i-r|ictlllll Oefcllder 



of Bni/il. On Sept. 7, 1 s --, he proclaimed the inde- 

 pendence of tin- country, and was elected ( 'on.-titu- 

 tional Km pc i-o r. Palling lii-ir to tin- 1'ortuirucsi! 

 throne in ls-_-i;. In- resigned it in favor of his infant 

 daughter, Maria da Gloria, and on April 7, ls:;i. he 

 abdicated tin- throne of Hrax.il in favor of his .son, 

 wfeo W8B proclaimed F.mpcror as Doin Pedro II, de- 

 clared of aire mi .lulv _':;. Isln, and crowned on .lulv 

 1-. 1-41. On May :((), 1M;:, In- was married by proo- 

 uration, and on s'cpt. -1 in person, to Theresa. I'rin- 

 llourbon and the Two Sicilies, who was born 

 March 14, Is-.'-J, and died Dee. -_'S, 1889. They had 

 two MHIS. wlm .lied in infancy; a daughter Isa- 

 bel, liorn .lulv _".', lS4'i, who married Oct. 15,1864, 

 Prince l.ouis of Bourbon-Orleans, ( 'omte d'Ku, the 

 eldt-t son of the Due de Nemours, and has three sons 

 living: and another daughter. I.eo]i<ildina, who was 

 married to Prince August ot'Saxc-< 'oburg-Gothu, and 

 died in 1 S 7K leaving four sons. I)om I'eclro wa dis- 

 tinguished from his early years for a strong interest 

 in science and the useful arts. He held liberal and 

 progressive political doctrines, and gave much atten- 

 tion tn developing the material resources of the em- 

 pire and seek i HIT profitable commercial relations with 

 other countries. Without transgressing the bounds 

 of a constitutional sovereign, lie showed great taet in 

 guiding the political forces, in lending in reform leg- 

 islation, and in holding the balance of power between 

 the parties and steerinir the country through polit- 

 ieal crises. The movement for the abolition of slav- 

 ery was instituted to a great extent by him, and 

 lie took the lead in practically emancipating the 

 slaves on the royal estates in 1866. Dom Pedro was 

 always a great traveler. In the last years of his 

 iviirn he resided for a -.'feat part of his time in F.u- 

 mpe, where lie underwent treatment for a chronic 

 ailment. By this lie lost touch with the politicians 

 and people of Brazil. lie was accustomed to say that 

 he would abdicate willingly if the Brazilians wanted 

 a republic, but that they did not because they already 

 had all the advantages of republican government. 

 While he was away his daughter and heir acted as 

 Rc!_'cnt. She was hot popular for the reason that for- 

 eign priests had much influence over her and she 

 was supposed to be dominated by her husband, whose 

 dictatorial ways had made him obnoxious to officers 

 of the army and others. The sudden emancipation 

 of the slaves had produced a social crisis, and the 

 Regent in signing the decree had offended the former 

 owners of the slaves. When the law providing for 

 the gradual emancipation of slaves was passed, in 

 1871, Dom Pedro was congratulated by every civil- 

 ized government. The system of public schools in- 

 troduced under his auspices had earned the gratitude 

 of the Brazilian people. When he visited Furope in 

 1871 he attended all the meetings of learned societies 

 in France and Kinrland. and on his visit to the I'nited 

 States at the time of the Centennial Kxhibitionhe 

 made a thorough study of American industrial pro- 

 cesses and inventions. His intervention in Paraguay, 

 which led to the overthrow of Rosa, added a large 

 strip of territory to Hrax.il and secured the tree navi- 

 gation of the Kio de la Plata. A dispute with (treat 

 Britain was settled in favor of Brazil by the arbitra- 

 tion of the Kinir of the Belgians. His 'popularitv in 

 Brazil was undiminished till his last absence ana his 

 failin<r health led the Republicans, who were numer- 

 ous and sti-onif. though not active as a political party, 

 to lay plans for preveiitinir the comim.' of the daughter 

 to the throne. On NOV. !.">, l-s'.i, a military conspir- 

 acy culminated in the forced abdication of Pedro 

 and the proclamation of the republic. H<- was taken 

 on board a Government vessel and convened, with the 



In- royal family, to I.icU.n. The lib.-rul pcn- 



hion that WO" otten-d Mf the Provisional ...... run, i|,t 



lie refused to ai-e.-pt. In the IlcW < oil*! it lit ion ;. 



on Nov. 1'., Is-.io, it WIL-, provided that un annuity 

 should U- -.'ranted HUttieieiit to guarantee hii 

 cent sllbsist.-ncc . As mallV ol'hin old udh. I. lit* |.,|- 

 |o\M-d him into exile and were d. |.< lid. lit >,n hi- 

 l.o iinlN, hi- won reduced to |H-elilliurV ltruit. He 



lived l>ut u short time in Portugal, VB4N hi* pre- 



ence was Hot welcome, and Wandered to Pali- imd 

 other ]ilaees, depressed and lonely Irom the 



his wife, but not , 'as! down bv his |M,|itieal m'mfort- 



lllles. To the end he thought the Itla/.i lialls would 



vet recall him. i For a jioilrait of |)om !'. 

 " Annual < 'v doincdia '' t'or 1^77, jin_ 



Penmi, tTbaldino, an Italian stute-man, lx.ni in Flor- 

 ence ill ISL'l ; died there. Sept. '.. 1M1. He came of a 



Tuscan patrician family, and \\a educate. I in the 

 Paris School of Mines and in (iermunv. He took 

 part in In4 s ' in the movement for the "recall of the 

 grand duke, and for the next ten _ ears as an ad- 

 herent of the Moderate Liberal party lalwircd to bring 

 about a fusion with the Pemocrats. He had an im- 

 portant share in issuing the " Hibliotheca < "iv ile," the 

 aim of which was to prepare the way for Italian union 

 under the house of Savoy. Ill 1 >.">'. he was elected to 

 the Tuscan Chamber, and was dispatched by the 

 Provisional Government on a delicate mission to 

 France. After the annexation of Tuscany by Sardinia 

 he was sent as a deputy from Florence to the National 

 Parliament at Turin, "in IM'.I he was called into the 

 Cabinet of Cavoiir as Minister of Public Works. He 

 remained in this post under Ricasola, and made 

 strenuous efforts to curry out the development of 

 Italian railways. When the Cabinet gave place to 

 the Rutazzi ministrv he became one of the leaders of 

 the Opposition, and after the fall of this Cabinet he 

 received the portfolio of the Interior, which he held 

 till the crisis of lsr,4. He subsequently supjK>rtcd the 

 system of evolution adopted by Deprctis. and was a 

 member of the Senate. He was eminent in the en- 

 gineer! nir profession. 

 Plumptre, Edward Hayes, an Knglish clergyman, bora 



in London. Aug. i. IvJl ; died in Wells, r'ck 1. l-'.M. 

 Ile was educated at University Colleire. Oxford, and 

 was elected Fellow of Brasenose College in 1844. Ile 

 was made chaplain of King's College, London, in 

 1847, pastor of pastoral theology in 1 -"i-"., and pro- 

 fessor of New Testament exegeses in ls''.4. He was 

 preacher at Lincoln's Inn for some years : elect preach- 

 er at ( .\ford in 1851-T>3 and 18t)4-''i;f,. and Boyle lect- 

 urer in 1866. In 1863 he became prebendary of St 

 Paul's, and in 1869 rectorof Pluckley, in Kent, which 

 living he exchanged for the vicarage of Bidder. 

 From 1869 to 1874 lie served on the committee of BM 

 revisers of the Bible, and in 1-7'J '74 was (irintield 

 lecturer on the Scptuairint at Oxford. In 1881 he was 

 appointed to the deanery of \\ells. He was widely 

 known as a scholar in many branches of study. His 

 published works are: "Sermons at Kind's College'' 

 (1859): "Lazarus, and other Poema" (1M4): 

 ter and Scholar, with other Poems ' (1866) ; "Christ 

 and Christendom " i the Boyle L. .'tun -s. lsr,7 i; The 



on" (1884); "The Commcdiu and Canz.oii: 

 Dante" i l s -''>>. He edited the Bible Kdueator" in 

 1 %7 '7'.'. and was the author of several sections of 

 Bishop F.llicott's New Testament Commentary." 



Polak, Edward, an Austrian Orientalist, born in !--'' : 

 died in Vienna. Oct. '.i. l-nl. He was graduated in 

 medicine at the I'niversity of Vienna, and in !-';! 

 went to Persia to be Professor of Surgery in the mili- 

 tary sehixil at Teheran. In two years lie was able t" 

 lecture, and write b.Mks in the Persian laiiL'uai.'e. He 

 was a favorite of the Shah, who made him -ourt 

 jilivsician. lie returned to Vienna in I- 1 '" and pub- 

 tisiied his ..Teat work on the geology, the flora, and 

 other physical features of tin- Persian Empire, witi 

 its aretUBOkgy. He went out au'aiii to 1'ersia lor a 



