olHTi \i;n:- n>i;|.;iGN. iIJu.wiTx SIJK.K.) 





trodii.-tioti of a Western system of repn-s. lilntr. 



crmin lit, Mich as the enthusiastic \oiniLT ( 'cci | ill lit s of 



Kuropcaii rultiitv d CM red. Two Miluiiii -s f the 

 " Opinions of Sir Mudhava Kuo" wen- published \>\ 

 his friends shortly In Ion- his <li-uth. He supported 

 tin- ili-iiiaiids of the In. linn National Con L 'ivs lV"in 

 11 Iss'.l, hut ol.jiosed the scheme accepted by the 

 Conu'rcss ill ls.','(>. iff was one of |hr curly advocates 



lor the reform of eliiUl marriaire, ciil'orccil \\ idow hood, 

 anil other disadvantages un<l( r w liieli Hindu wmneii 

 sutler, lull was con\ inccd (lint the Inovi-lni-lit ill this 



direction o'lirht to lie .spontaneous within the Hindu 

 community, and then-fore lie resisted with all his in- 

 fluence the aire of consent liill of 1891, although he 

 had for main \ cars incurred the hostility of orthodox 

 Hindus by advocating the same reform. 



Bedwiti, Oskar, Freihcrrvon, a German poet, horn in 

 l.iehtenau. near Anspach. .lime j;!, Is-J.'l; died in 

 GiL'cnbcri:. ii.-ar Huyrcuth..lulv 7, 1 *'.!. After leav- 

 iiiLT the gymnasium he studied law, but abandoned 

 this stud\ to give himself up to literature. His first 

 published poem, " Amaranth." met with extraordi- 

 nary success, and made him a famous man at twenty- 

 live. None of his later works made such an impres- 

 sion a- this lyrical epic. Vet his plays, ' 1'liilippinc 

 Wclscr," which was produced in 1859, and "l>ci 

 /unftmeister von Niirnberg,'' brought out the year 

 following, have kept the stage to this day. In 1871he 

 wrote a p-itriotic ode entitled " I>as Lied vom iicuen 

 delltschcli Heidi." Removing from Munich to Ohcr- 

 mais. near Meran. for the sake of his health, heconi- 

 posed the romances -Hans Wartcnberg," "Hymen" 

 and " Gluck," the first and the last of which went 

 through many editions. His ailments obliged him to 

 give up literary employment for the rest of his life. 



Eeuss, Eduard, a German theologian, born in Stras 

 bun: in IMI-I; died there. May IL'. IV.'l. He studied 

 at the I'niversity of Strashurg', ana in Halle and Paris 

 under Gesenius and Silvestre de Saey. From i *.:;: 

 he occupied the chair of Thcologv in the In'ncrsity 

 <>f Strasburg. and held a prominent place among 

 champions of the liberal school of Protestant theo- 

 logians. He published in French and in German 

 important treatises on the Old and New Testaments. 

 His last and greatest work was a translation of the 

 Bible with commentaries, which is regarded as in- 

 estimable by manv Hebraists. 



Eibot, Angustin thdodnle, a French painter, born in 

 the Department "of Hure in lsi:3; died in Colombcs, 

 Sept. 11, 1891. He was the son of a civil engineer, 

 whose early death left the family in poor circum- 

 stances. He entered the atelier ofGlaize in Paris in 

 1851 ; earned money with copies of NVatteau's pictures; 

 and in istil exhibited the ''Cuisinicrs," which made 

 him famous at once. It was followed by other natu- 

 ralistic pieces ot genre work in a style that recalled 

 the Dutch masters, and then he applied the same 

 method to more elevated subjects, painting his 

 " Saint Scbasticn," "Jesus et les Docteurs," " Samari- 

 tain," and "Merc Morieu " and " Comptabilitd," two 

 half-figures. In the war his studio and all his pict- 

 ures and property were burned. His later works 

 were in the vein of his first productions, faithful 

 impressions of the picturesque in nature, dealing 

 often with ugly subjects. He was recognized us one 

 of the masters in contemporary art, yet many ob- 

 jected to the irloomy tones of his colorinir. 



Botelli, Luigi, an 'Italian prelate, born in Perugia in 

 1888; died in Paris, Sept. 16. 1891. His studious 

 habits, bri'.'ht Intelligence, and fidelity to duty when 

 a boy studying in the diocesan college attracted 

 the a'ttention of Gioacchino IVcei. the present Pope, 

 who went to Perugia as bishop. He acquired a tine 

 Latin style, and distinguished himself in theology 

 and philosophy, and in a few years his patron placed 

 him in ohatgeof the seminary at Perugia, and after- 

 ward introduced him into the diplomatic service of 

 the Vatican. He became Bishop of the See of Mmite- 

 tiasc-iiie.and afterward Archbishop of Pharsalus. and 

 after Cardinal Peeci became Pope he was intrusted 

 with various delicate misMons. and in l^s.; \ N a > >,.nt 



as l(|">-to|ic delegate to Collotalltiliojile. < l|| .li.i,, 



".'. h. u appointed Papal Nm. 

 Hi task wa>to curry out the i-oin-iliuti.ry |- 

 wurd the republic 'that the Pope luiu 

 when he saw that then- w ax no IM.JM- of u m-.i,; 



'ion. and that the iM.werol the Cutlioi. 

 was weakened by the bickering* between the Variou'it 

 factions of Imperialists and i |-.licy 



he urged on the Catholic* of France. an<i 

 mil Lavigcric had come out openly for the republic. 

 the Pope gu\e his approMi! to the'new movement in 

 a letter Which influenced a majority of the I 

 bishops and some of the leading < lerieal journalist* 



and politicians to accept the republic. Having 



instrumental in bringing alxuit this state of affair*. 

 Monsignore IJotdli was replaced in ls.ii |, v M 

 nore Ferrata. and was raised to the eardinalate. 



Schmidt, Friedrioh, a German architect. )>orn in 

 Frickenhofen. Siiabiu, about l^-j.", ; ilied in Vienna, 

 Ian. M, is'.t). His father, a Protest (lit pastor, had 

 migrated from Hano\er. where the grandfather 

 was court architect. The pastor had a i 

 for buildini:, and liis boy was determined to be an 

 architect from his ehildhoo(l. He went through the 

 Gymnasium at Schorndorf and the Scientific High 

 School at Cannstadt, and. having an overpowering 

 fondness for Gothic forms, he went to Cologne and 

 got employment on the cathedral work as a stone- 

 carver's apprentice. The chief architect discovered 

 his capabilities, and made him his assistant, and 

 afterward overseer. After passing the urdiit -ct>" 



examination in Berlin, he built some private house-. 



in Cologne and his first Gothic church in Qucdlin- 

 burg. Like many other artists of romantic bent, lie 

 embraced the Roman Catholic religion. A high 

 Austrian official who came to know him in Cologne 

 procured for him the appointment of professor in the 

 academy at Milan, where lie began his work in 1857. 

 He was* greatly liked by the Italian students, whom 

 he inspired with his own enthusiasm. While there 

 he restored the Santo Ambrogio Chapel, and built a 

 church in Brescia. In 1859 the Italians tried to in- 

 duce him to stay, but he left with the rest of the 

 Austrian officials, and settled in Vienna. His first 

 work there, a brick gymnasium in the nmdt rn 

 Gothic style, already developed in north Germany, 

 oftended the taste of the \ icnnesc, and when he 

 afterward placed a Ily/.antine dome on a Gothic 

 church the critics found much fault with Ins hardi- 

 hood. He completed the spire of St. Stephen's, and 

 worked eagerly at the restoration of that cathedral 

 against much opposition. His plan for the Berlin 

 Rathhaiis received the first nrize in IsM'. though 

 finally rejected on account of the distaste of the P>< r 

 liners for the Gothic. In Austria and Hungary, where 

 the Renaissance style was most at home, he created a 

 liking for Gothic forms by his enthusiasm and the 

 influence of his personal charms and persuasive 

 toiiirne. He soon gained a great reputation as an 

 architect and restorer. He designed the llerz .l.sii 

 Church for the city of Cologne. His later works are 

 distinguished by a bold freedom and breadth of style 

 that he had caught in Italy. The chief of his pro- 

 ductions, the Vienna Rathhaiis, is a combination, as 

 much Renaissance us (iothic. marking the develop- 

 ment of a modern style by a union of both. 



Simor, Johann, a Hungarian prelate, born in Stuhl- 

 wcissciihnn:. Am:. '-'':. L818; died in Gran. Jsi 

 1891. He was the sou of a humble artisan. After 

 passing throiign the gymnasium, he entered the 

 preparatory school tor the clergy ut Prcshurir in 

 ls.-js.and in ls::i! was ordained a priest and appointed 

 a chaplain in Thcivsicnstadt. His talents oa a 

 preacher and his learning advanced him in less than 

 three years to the jiosition of I'liiversitv preacher 

 and Professor of Religion in the theological faculty at 

 Pesth. In IM-j he gave himself up to the cure of 

 souls, scekiiii: a pastorate at Bajna. near Gran. Four 

 vear.t later lie was called to tl -'')' ''I Kn- 



;-\elop:edie Theology in the Gran Presbyterium, and 

 in 1M7 ho was appointed to the ini]>ortunt i>o*t of 



