PORTUGAL, 



749 



Admiral Porter had an appreciative knowl- 

 >f 11111--!. nml the uri.-, and wan a good 

 linguist mid a ready writer. His history of the. 

 navy has receded high commendation from both 

 European ami Aiiu-ricaii military critics. He 

 was a man of medium height, and pos-esscd 

 of immense strength: this he turned to good 

 ncciiiint when mi several occasions lie was at- 

 tacked by roughs during his early life. Few 

 men einild stjiiid IK- fore him. His voice was low, 

 pleasing, and well modulated, and tho line lines 

 >f his face and figure enhanced his charm- of 

 manner and conversation. He was always pop- 

 ular with the reliable element, among both his 

 otlicers and men, who would follow him under 

 all circumstances to any destination. During 

 his residence in Washington, while he was ad- 

 miral of the navy, no house was more eagerly 

 sought than his. and no one dispensed hospital- 

 ity with a more lavish hand or a more agree- 

 able effect. He left a widow (the daughter of 

 Commodore Daniel T. Patterson), two daughters, 

 and four sons. He was given a grand military 

 funeral, when the President and Cabinet and 

 representatives of both services united to do 

 honor and pay the last tribute of respect to one 

 of the greatest naval commanders of this or any 

 other age. He is buried at Arlington among the 

 nation's dead. His published work", are: " Life 

 of Commodore David Porter " (1875) ; " Allan 

 Dare and Robert le Diable," a romance (1885) ; 

 " Incidents and Anecdotes of the Civil War " 

 (1885); "Harry Marline" (1886); and "His- 

 torv of the Navy in the Rebellion " (1887). 



PORTUGAL, a monarchy in southern Europe. 

 The legislative power is vested in the Cortes 

 Geraes, consisting of the House of Peers and the 

 House of Deputies. The upper house, under the 

 law of July 24, 1885, abolishing life peerages, 

 when this law goes into complete operation will 

 consist of 100 peers appointed for life by the 

 King, of the 50 elective peers, who are chosen 

 indirectly, and of the peers who still hold seats 

 bv virtue of birth or office, viz.. princes of the 

 blood royal and the 13 continental bishops. 

 There were 52 hereditary peers still living in 

 1891. The members of the popular Chamber 

 are elected for four years by the direct suffrage 

 of Portuguese citizens of full age who are fathers 

 of families or have an income of 100 milreis and 

 can read and write. There are 168 Deputies for 

 the Continent and the Azores and Madeira, and 

 12 for the colonies. The reigning King is Car- 

 los I, born Sept. 28, 1863. son of Luis I and Pia. 

 daughter of Vittoria Emanuele. He married 

 Marie Amalie, daughter of Philippe of Orleans, 

 Count of Paris, in 1886, and succeeded to the 

 throne at the death of his father, on Oct. 19, 

 1889. The Cabinet formed on Oct. 12, 1890. was 

 composed as follows: President of the Council 

 and Minister of War. Joao Chrysostomo de Ab- 

 reu e Souza: Minister of the Interior and 

 Minister at I interim of Public Instruction and 

 Fine Arts, Antonio Candido Riheiro da Costa : 

 Minister of Marine and the Colonies. Antonio 

 Ennes; Minister of Commerce. Agriculture. In- 

 dustry, and Public Works. Thomas Riheiro: 

 Minister of Finance. Mello (Jouveia. who retired 

 and was succeeded by Augusto da Cunha: Min- 

 ister of Justice. Correo de la Brandilo : Minister 

 of Foreign Affairs, Barbosa Bocage. 



Area and Population. The area of con- 

 tinental Portugal i* H2.52H f<|iiar<- mile*, and <f 

 the Azure* ami .Madeira <>r Kiinchal l.-MO 

 miles. The population in IKMI W H 4.7" 

 There area large numlx-r of gy|*ie* in Portugal, 

 and in the coast towns about 8,000 negTOM. In 

 the s, M1 th there is a considerable admiktiin- f 

 Jewish and Arab, and of Dutch. Fn-ncl 

 Knglish l.lool. The niiinler of marriage* in 

 1KHM was :54.01I7, HgHin-t :H.82:i it. 

 number <>f births was 168,968, againd !<;:,.;] i ; 



the numlHT of deaths was 107,1 



The numU-r of emigrants wsw 16,!' 

 1887. and 23,981 in 1888. 



Finances. -The ordinary receipts for 1H87-U8 

 were :',!). To 1,254 milreis (the milrci* = f 1.15). the 

 extraordinary receipts were 1 KM.!K* miln-i*. 

 and there was a surplus brought down of : 

 W:{ milreis. making the total n 

 milreis. The ordinary ex|>ciiditure amounted to 

 38,244.042milreis.and"theextraordinary to 

 714 milreif, making a total of 44,247.756 milreis. 

 which left a surplus of 4.2!i5.54i milreis. In 

 four years about 22,000.000 milreis of new debts 

 had been made. In 1888-'89 no sums were i 

 by credit, while the receipts fell to 37.891.885 

 milreis. and at the same time the ordinary ex- 

 penditures of 38,165,358 milreis was supplement- 

 ed by 11.526.273 milreis of extraordinary expend- 

 iture, making the total cxjcnditiire 50,681,631 

 milreis. In the revised budget for 1889-*90 the 

 receipts from all sources were set down as 60,- 

 860,000 milreis. and the expenditures as 51.:>1 1.- 

 132 milreis. At the beginning of 1890-'1M the 

 funded debt was .">:;:!,:{16.612 milreis. in addition 

 to which 45,910.000 milreis had been raised by 

 treasury warrants in the preceding four 

 and there was a floating debt of 24,883.109 mil- 

 reis. In 1890 a loan of 9.300.000 milre; 

 obtained in Paris, and treasury bills were issued 

 to the amount of 16,500,000 milreis. The revenue 

 for 1890-'91 was estimated at 40.%'J.H'M milreis 

 from ordinary sources, and the ordinary expend* 

 iture at 42,861.117 milreis, in addition to which 

 2.506,500 milreis were required for extraordinary 

 purposes. In the budget for 1891 -'92 the total 

 revenue is estimated at 42.!<;7.4<>>' milreis. of 

 which 7,157.400 milreis are derived from direct 

 imports. 3,957,000 milreis from registration and 

 stamped paper. 23,505.800 milreis from indirect 

 taxes, 2,155.500 milreis from supplemental duties. 

 4,072,012 milreis from government proj>erty. and 

 2,119,750 milreis are receltt* tTitrdr. The total 

 expenditure is estimated at 4<!.s-J i J.ti72 mil; 

 which 27,742.818 milreis are for the Ministry of 

 Finance. 1. >.">. ','40 milreis for the Mini-' 

 the Interior. 1,007.564 milnis for the Ministry 

 of Worship. 5.294.046 milreis for the Ministry 

 df War. 2.5:57.444 milreis for the Ministry of 

 Marine and the Colonies. 4H5.240 milreis for the 

 Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 4.711.', > :<4 milreis f. r 

 the Ministry of Public Works. 1.417.721 milrvis 

 for the Ministry of Public Instruction and ihe 

 Fine Arts. (;'. 4<;.~> milreis for the S:i\in^s Hank, 

 and 2.278,800 milreii for extraordinary purposes. 



The Army and Navy. The law of 

 makes the peace establishment consist of 24 regi- 

 ments of infantry. 12 of chasseurs in of ea 

 3 of mounted artillery. 1 brigade of mountain 

 artillery, 1 regiment and 4 batteries of foitfWi 

 artillery, and 1 regiment of engineer*. The 



