SALVADOR. 



780 



tn.<p|i transports of all nations WHS laid down, 

 iiinl in Ilif I'l-caiv of I'aris. in 1N.~<{. j| was con- 



firmed. In April. 1N9I. tin- steamer "K 



IIIH." belonging l<> till 1 Volunteer licet of Odessa. 



on its way to Vladivostok willi workmen and 

 mail-rials for t In- Trans-SUn-riaii Railway, on n-p- 

 itioiis In-iii',' inudi 1 that sin- was a naval 

 ves-el. was detained liy tin- Turkish authorities. 

 Tin' Russian ambassador al Constantinople pro- 



:. and a pivliminary agreement was arrived 

 ill, which was embodied in a formal convention. 

 >i 1,'ned in .Inly, providing that vessels of the vol- 

 iiiii.-.-r Heel flying the commercial ensign should 

 In- permitted to pass through the I'osporus as 

 merchant vessels, and that Russia need notify 

 tin- 1'orle only in the event of such vessels ear- 



ning soldier- or war material. On Aug. 4 Ib* 

 .wa." returning with *(<) m< n on l, M rd. 

 whow nted tu i.e RoMfao eoldtora, wu 



detained. M. de NelidlT again prote-tcd m,,| 

 demanded an indemnity, and the \C*M-| v. 



lowed to proceed. Two weeks later tin- 



thing happened m n-.nd i.. th,-"K<-i! 

 Alter an interchange o| explanations an ai : 

 incut was n-achid by which the vesx-l.s of the 

 volunteer fleet should' lie allowed to pass throne;!, 

 the Bosporus wlien taking <>ut military 

 accompanying convicts to Sat:.-. alien o'r 

 for the garrisons in eastern Asia on the applica- 

 tion of the Russian ambassador, and to bring 

 liack troops whose time has expired on tin- decla- 

 ration of the commander of the vessel. 



S 



SALVADOR, a republic in Central America. 



The Constitution vests the legislative power in 

 u Congress consisting of the House of Keptv- 

 .sentatives and the Senate. The President, who 

 -ses the executive power, is elected for four 

 years by the direct vote of the nation. The 

 President in office is Gen. Carlos Ezeta, who was 

 proclaimed Provisional President by the army on 

 June 22, 1890; elected by Congress on Sept. 11, 

 1890; and elected by t he people for the full term, 

 beginning March 1, 1801. 



The area of the republic is estimated at 7,2'J.") 

 square miles. The population is twenty times 

 s dense as in the rest of Central America, num- 

 bering <i51.130, according to the census of 1886. 

 San Salvador, the capital, had 16.32? inhabitants 

 in 1888. The schools in 1888 had 21.101 pupils. 

 The revenue in 1889 was $4.070,342 in silver, 

 and the expenditure was $4,033,1.*)?. 



Finances. The revenue is raised chiefly by 

 customs diit ies and monopolies. The chief items 

 of expenditure were $972.000 for the public debt, 

 $909.000 for the army. $555,000 for public, works, 

 and $336,000 for education. In 1890 the reve- 

 nue amounted to $4.153,000, of which $2,612,000 

 were derived from customs, $1,242,000 from the 

 spirit moii.ipolv, $44.000 from stamps, $24.000 

 from the powder and saltpeter monopolies, and 



SO'! 1.000 from other sources. The total expenses 

 for 1890 were $5,442.000. of which $2.75S.tl()(i 

 were for the army. $407.000 for the Interior De- 

 partment, $1.282.000 for the 'Ministry of Fi- 

 nance. $153,000 for the Ministry of Justice. 

 s::s 1.000 for public instruction, '$372.0(X) for 

 public works, and $91.000 for foreign relations. 

 Tin- internal debt in 1K!M) amounted to about 

 x ?..-,< ;o.OOO. mid the foreign debt to $1,500,000. 

 The active troops number about 4,000, and the 

 militia $15,000. 



Commerce and Communications. The 

 value of the imports in IS'.io was $2.401.000 

 n-rainst S2.s?s.OOO in IsS!). $4.076.0(10 in isss. 

 s:'..:l 14.000 in 1887. and $2.428,000 in 1SS6. Tin- 

 ox ports in 1890 were valued at a total sum of 

 |?JS7B,000, agatatt $5.480,000 in 1889: $6.70?.- 

 000 ill 1888, $5,243.000 in iss?, and $4.755.01 x) 

 in 1886. The chief articles of export in 1S90 

 wen the following: Coffee. $4.269.000; indiiro. 

 Sl.0.->:!.()00; suirar.' $290.000; tobacco. $211.000; 

 silver bars, $204.000. There are 55 miles of rail- 

 VOL. xxxi. 50 A 



road in operation. A contract to build a rail- 

 road through Salvador to Honduras was award- 

 ed to a French company by President Kx-t. 

 and approved by Congress in June, 1891. A 

 nlan. was accepted by the Government in Octo- 

 ber for a line between San Salvador and Santa 

 Tekla, and a railroad from Santa Tekla and La 

 Libertad was authorized at the same time, mak- 

 ing an alternative route between the capital and 

 the sea. During 1889 the three ports of the re- 

 public were visited by 355 steamers and 47 sail- 

 ing ships. The length of the telegraph lines is 

 miles. The number of messages sent in 

 lss9 was 4!'5.6.*9, including 182.27* official. 



Political Events. The elect ion of (Jen. K/eta 

 as President for the ensuing four years, and of 

 his brother Antonio Ezeta, M Vice-Incident, was 

 confirmed by the Congress, and they were inau- 

 gurated in the beginning of March, 1891. In 

 the Cabinet appointed to mark the return t 

 stitutional conditions. Antonio K/eta retained 

 the portfolio of the War Department, which he 

 shortly afterward resigned in order to become 

 general-in-chicf of the armv. (Jen. Amaya suc- 

 ceeding him as Minister of War. The President 

 and his supporters were compiled to be \ery 

 watchful against a surprise, for their enemies in 

 the country were numerous, and those who had 

 fled to Honduras and Guatemala were busy plan- 

 ning a counter-revolution. The German 

 eminent recognized K/eta. hut simply as de Jartn 

 head of the state. < n May (i Oof. Moleiia and 

 Gen. Bardales seized a part of the island of 

 Amalpa and attempted to set up a rival govern- 

 ment. Their plan was frustrated by (ien. Har- 

 rera. who. with Government troops, defeated the 

 rebels before the re-enforcements that th 

 peeled could arrive, killing Gen. Hardales in the 

 action. The treaty of peace with <ii:atemala 

 was ratified by Congress in June. In an attempt 

 to raise a new loan abroad President K/et had 

 no success. On Sept. 9 and the succeeding da\s 

 a large part of the country was shaken by a se- 

 ries of severe earthcpmkes. which destroyed 

 buildings and caused forty deaths in the capital. 

 and worked worse destruction in other town*. 

 especial lv in Comasagna. when- only eight house* 

 were left standing. 



As the year advanced. Gen. Ewtn had pood 

 reason to fear that the friends of the late Gov- 



