SPAIN. 



verti-ing; thus special guests of certain hotels 

 re preseni-'<l with spoons, and certain large 

 BMBUfftCturing firms have given spoons of char- 

 arleri.Mic doigns to favored individuals. The 

 following list gives as far as possible the places 

 where special .souvenir S|MIOM> can !> procured: 

 Alaska, Albany, Atlanta, Baltimore, liar Har- 

 bor, Bo>ton. Bridgeport, Brooklyn, Jiuiralo, < al- 

 ifurnia, Cambridge, Cat-skills, Charleston, Clm-a- 



f, Cleveland. Concord. Mass., Dayton, Denver. 

 Mroit, Di.xirict of Columbia, Florid*, (M-II\>- 

 burg, Hartford, llaverhill, Johnstown, KUIINLS 

 ( 'ily, Islington, Lincoln, Loekport, Los Angeles, 

 l.om-ville, Lynn, Macon, Manitou, Memphis. 

 Milwaukee, Minii-a|M.iis Mount Vernon Mount 

 Washington, Narragansett, New Bedford, New- 

 burg, New Haven, Newport, New York, Niauara. 

 Omaha, Philadelphia, Pittsburg, l'n:>li.-M, 

 Plymouth, I'orl.land, Me., Portland, Ore.. Ports- 

 moiilh. Providence, Quebec, Reading, Richmond, 

 Iloche^ter. Salem, San Francisco, Saratoga 

 Springs Savannah, St. Augustine, St. Louis, St. 

 Paul, Steubenville. Syracuse, Toronto, Troy, I'ti- 

 ca, Walt ham, Washington,- Watch Hill, Worcester. 

 The following personal spoons have been made: 

 Ethan Allen. George Bancroft, P. T. Barmim, 

 Henry Ward Beecher, Daniel Boone, John Brown, 

 Benjamin F. Butler, Sarah Bernhardi, < hri.-lo- 

 pher Columbus, Chauncey M. Depew, Timothy 

 Dexter, Neal Dow, Hannah Dustin, Leif Ericsson, 

 I'leiijaiuin Franklin. James A. Garfield, U. S. 

 Grant, John Harvard, Anneke Jans, Diedrich 

 Knickerbocker. Robert E. Lee, Abraham Lincoln, 

 Henry W. Longfellow, Miles Morgan, Moll Pitch- 

 er. Priscilla Alden, Israel Putnam, Paul Revere, 

 William T. Sherman, Miles Standish, Peter Stuy- 

 vesant, George Washington. John G. Whittier, 

 Frances E. Willard, and Roger Williams. 



SPAIN, a monarchy in southern Europe. 

 The royal prerogative is exercised during the 

 minority of the infant King, Alfonso XIII, born 

 May 17, 1886, the posthumous son of Alfonso 

 XII, who died Nov. 25, 1885, by the Queen- 

 mother Maria Christina, daughter of the Arch- 

 duke Karl Ferdinand of Austria. She first took 

 the oath as Queen-Regent on Nov. 26, 1885, to 

 serve during the minority of her daughter, 

 Maria de la Mercedes, who was proclaimed 

 Queen on her father's death. When a mule 

 heir was born he succeeded his sister, and the 

 Queen-mother was sworn again to act as Re- 

 gent for the King. The legislative power is 

 vested in the Cortes, consisting of the Senate 

 and the Congress, which have concurrent and 

 equal authority. There are 100 life Senators 

 nominated by the King ; about 80 Senators by 

 right of birth or office, viz., Grandees of Spain 

 with 60,000 pesetas income, princes of the blood 

 royal, the chief judges, archbishops, captains- 

 general, and admirals : and 180 Senators chosen 

 for five years by the provinces, communes, uni- 

 versities, and ecclesiastical bodies. The Con- 

 gress consists of 431 Deputies, of whom 88 are 

 elected in 20 districts on collective tickets, with 

 provision for the representation of minorities. 

 10 may be chosen by a cumulative vote in several 

 districts, and the rest are chosen by the Electoral 

 Juntas of the ordinary district* in the propor- 

 tion of I to 50,000 inhabitants in Spain, and 1 

 to 40.000 free persons in the Antilles. The M in- 

 istry constituted J uly 5, 1890, was made up of t he 



following member*: President of the Council, 



Aniiinio Caiiovn* del Catill : MmM.r. 

 cign Affairs. C. M. O'D.nne||. Dnk.- -f letuan; 

 Minister f Fiiini 



the Interior. F. .silvHu; MiniMcr of JuMwe, R. 

 F. Villaverde; Minister of liMru. II.-M, and of 

 Commerce ami Agm nilure. S. de |MI>H: 

 ter of War, <ien. <le Ascarniga ; MiniMer of Ma- 

 rine. . I. M. Jlcningcr: MiniMcr .f the Colonnn 

 A. Fa I lie. 



Area and Population. The area of Spain. 

 including the Canary and italcmic !>.!* and i;i 

 M|iiare miles <>n the northwest coa^t of Afrk-a, ia 

 1U?,670 Mjnare miles. The fK.pnlnt ion. accord- 

 ing to the cornctcd returns ( ,f the (t-riMia of 

 Dec. :J1, 1887, was for ( < niim ntl S|.in, 10,905.- 

 OSX); for the Canaries. 2i>l.(i25: f r the Ualej.ric 

 Islands, 812,593; and for the diMrn-t in northi-m 



fib'8 females. The iiopulation of the chief cities 

 was as follows: Madrid 4'0.2fc8 ; Barcelona, 

 272,481; Valencia, 110,7(53; Sevilla, U 

 Malaga, 134,016; Murcia. 98.538; SaragOMa, 

 92,407: Grenada, 73.006: Cadiz, 62,631; Valla- 

 dolid, 62,012; Palma. 60,514. 



Finances. The revenue as estimated in the 

 budget for tfie year ending June 80. IMrj. is 

 > 1,387 peseta's or francs, of which 269.549.- 

 110 pesetas are the product of direct taxes, 288.- 

 985,000 pesetas come from indirect taxes and 

 customs, 170.856,000 pesetas from stamps and 

 rtgie enterprises, 35,571.277 pesetas from Gov- 

 ernment proi>erty, and 30.5O.OCO pesetas from 

 the public treasury. The expenditures HI 

 mated at 810.6(J3,413 pesetas, of which 9.500.WO 

 pesetas are for the civil list, 1,749,205 pesetas 

 for legislative expenses, 262,808.189 pesetas for 

 the public debt, 1.888,733 pesetas for judiciid 

 expenses, 52.481.545 pesetas for indemnities and 

 pensions, 1.384,217 pesetas for the presidency of 

 the Council of Ministers, 5,160,692 pesetas' for 

 the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 56.758.9C8 

 pesetas for the Minis-tiy of JuMice, 146.220.580 

 pesetas for the MitnVt'ry of War, 32.088.598 

 pesetas for the Ministry'of Marine, 29,167,898 

 pesetas for the Ministry of the Interior. M 

 269,724 pesetas for the Ministry of Public Works. 

 19,104,714 pesetas for the Ministry of Finance, 

 and 84,085,915 pesetas are the cost of collecting 

 the revenue. The funded public debt on Jan. 1. 

 1890, amounted to 6.207.027.484 pesetas, on 

 which the interest, reckoned for the most part 

 at 4 per cent., was 283,812.491 pesetas. The 

 floating debt was 285,210.000 pesetas, and the 

 Cnl'tin debt about 250,000,000 pesetas. 



Th Army. Military laws enacted in 1877. 

 1878, and 18ofl make service obligatory from lh 

 age of twenty for t\vehe years, of which three- 

 are passed in he active army, three in the first 

 reserve, ami six in the second reserve. Exemp- 

 tion may lie purchased by the |yment of 1.500 

 jH-setas.' and sul>stitution m 111; IT. it. 

 nllowablo. The peace effective in 1891 was as 

 follows: Infantry. 5M>.:W7 men: cavalry, 184W8 

 in-n. with ll,88t horses: artillery. 11,840 men, 

 with :'.' guns; engineers. 4.279 mm; artificers. 

 1.185 men : sanitary corps, 506 men. Including 

 officers, the total peace strength is about 120,000 

 men, cxduMvi- of the gendarmerie. The war 



