808 



SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 



food products, 9.100,000 kronor for tobacco. 7,- 

 400,000 kronor for fermented drinks, 4,000.000 

 kronor for fruits and legumes, and 2,600,000 kron- 

 or for salt. The imports of articles of consump- 

 tion amounted to 78,900,000 kronor, including 

 59,100,000 kronor for animals and animal vict- 

 uals, 11,100,000 kronor for cereals, 2.000,000 kron- 

 or for spirits, and 1.700,000 kronor for other 

 things. Imports of raw materials, 88,600,000 

 kronor in total value, consisted of textile mate- 

 rials for 27.000,000 kronor, coal for 26,200.000 

 kronor, hides and leather for 13,100.000 kronor, 

 metals for 1 1,600,000 kronor, minerals for 8,800,- 

 000 kronor, and timber for 1,900,000 kronor. 

 The exports of raw materials were 162,900,000 

 kronor in value, consisting of lumber for 116,- 

 700,000 kronor. metals for 40,000,000 kronor, 

 minerals for 4,700,000 kronor, and other articles 

 for 1,500,000 kronor. The imports of manufact- 

 ured goods, 127,500,000 kronor in value, consist- 

 ed of textiles for 76,200,000 kronor, ships, ma- 

 chinery, and vehicles for 18.200,000 kronor, metal 

 wares for 15,000,000 kronor, paper for 5,000,003 

 kronor. and other goods for 13,100,000 kronor. 

 The exports of manufactured products were 59,- 

 300,000 kronor in value, the principal items be- 

 ing paper for 17,700.000 kronor, textile manufact- 

 ures for 7,700,000 kronor, and metal goods for 

 5.200,000 kronor. The imports of oils, drugs and 

 chemicals, and other miscellaneous merchandise 

 were valued at 41,500,000 kronor, and the exports 

 at 5,500,000 kronor. The import of precious 

 metals was 400,000 kronor and the export 100,- 

 000 kronor. 



Navigation. The number of vessels entered 

 at Swedish ports during 1889 was 30,184, of 5,- 

 450,000 tons, of which 14,098, of 1,781,000 tons, 

 were Swedish, 2,627, of 529,000 tons, were Nor- 

 wegian, and 13,459. of 3,140,000 tons, were of oth- 

 er nationalities. Of the total number, 11,484. of 

 2,389,000 tons, were with cargoes. The number 

 of steamers included in the total was 12,713, of 

 3.686,000 tons. The total number cleared was 

 28,027, of 5,181.000 tons, including 12,570 steam- 

 ers, of 3,644.000 tons ; of the total number, 19,- 

 164, of 3,888,000 tons, carried cargoes. 



The merchant marine on Jan. 1. 1890, num- 

 bered 2,859 sailing vessels, of 369,709 tons, and 

 963 steamers, of 134,970 tons, a total of 3.822 ves- 

 sels, of 504,679 tons. 



Communications. The Swedish railroads at 

 the end of 1890 had a total length of 8.018 kilo- 

 metres, of which 2,613 kilometres belonged to 

 the Government and 5,405 kilometres to private 

 companies. The cost of the state railroads up 

 to the end of 1888 was 247,173,027 kronor, and 

 of the private lines 247,842,457 kronor. 



The total length of the state telegraph lines 

 in 1890 was 8,785 kilometres, with 22,884 kilo- 

 metres of wires, including 101 kilometres of sub- 

 marine cable, but not the cable owned in common 

 with Denmark, nor that running to the island 

 of Riigen, of which the Prussian Government is 

 joint owner. The number of paid messages sent 

 in the internal service was 961,476; international 

 messages, 603,517; in transit, 190,352; official, 

 65,331; receipts, 1,444,909 kronor: expenses, 1,- 

 359,161 kronor. 



The number of letters mailed in 1889 was 41,- 

 808,000 in the internal service. 1 1.469,000 inter- 

 national, and 244,030 in transit ; the number of 



postal cards, 4,642,000 internal and 7,110,000 in- 

 ternational ; printed iriclosures, 2,456,000 internal 

 and 2,718,000 international; registered letters. 1,- 

 575.000 internal, with 604,396,000 francs, and 199 

 international, with 49,275,000 francs. 



NORWAY. The legislative body is the Storth- 

 ing, composed of 114 representatives, 38 from 

 towns and 76 from rural constituencies, elected 

 for three years by the suffrage of chosen electors. 

 It meets every year for two months in February, 

 and elects one fourth of its members to form 1 he 

 Lagthing, which approves or rejects the projects 

 of law that have first passed the Odelsthing. con- 

 sisting of the other three fourths of the Storthing. 

 If the Lagthing withholds its assent to a measure, 

 the two Houses meet in joint session and a two- 

 thirds vote is necessary to make the bill a law. 

 The Council of State in the beginning of 1891 

 was composed of the following members: Minis- 

 ter of State, Emil Stang ; Education and Eccle- 

 siastical Affairs, Jakob Aall Bonnevie : Justice, 

 Ulrik Christian Arneberg; Interior, Ole Andreas 

 Furu; Public W'orks, Peter Birch-Reichenwald ; 

 Finance and Customs, Evald Rygh ; Defense, Col. 

 Edvard Hans Hoff ; Revision of Public Accounts, 

 Emil Stang ; Delegation at Stockholm, Gregers 

 Winther Wulfsberg Gram, Ferdinand Nicolai 

 Roll, and Johan Henrich Paasche Thome. 



Area and Population. The area of Norway 

 is 123,205 square miles. The population, accord- 

 ing to the provisional returns of the census of 

 Jan 1, 1891, is 1,988,997, consisting of 1,037,501 

 males and 1,988,997 females. The urban popula- 

 tion is 463,957, and the rural population 1,525,- 

 040. The number of marriages in 1889 was 

 12,416 ; of births, 59,188 ; of deaths, 34,704 ; ex- 

 cess of births, 24,484. Christiania, the capital, 

 had 148,319 inhabitants present at the census of 

 1891; Bergen had 52,756; Trondhjem, 24.746: 

 Stavanger, 22.478. The number of emigrants in 

 1890 was 10,991, against 12,642 in 1889. 



Finances. The ordinary receipts in the year 

 ending June 30, 1891, were"49i804,900 kroner, of 

 which 23,353,500 kroner were derived from 

 customs, 3,041.800 kroner from the spirit duty, 

 2,104,300 kroner from the malt duty, 7,487,900 

 kroner from railroads. 1.498,900 kroner from 

 domains, forests, and mines, 2,693,700 kroner 

 from the post-office, 1,071,200 kroner from 

 telegraphs, 1.971,600 kroner from capital, 

 and the rest from succession duties, courts 

 of justice, the university, stamps, etc. The 

 total expenditui-es amounted to 45,398,200 

 kroner, the chief items being 9,283,200 kroner 

 for public works, 8,107.100 kroner for financial 

 administration and the debt, 7,424,200 kroner 

 for the army, 5,811,200 kroner for the Interior 

 Department, including the expenses of the post- 

 office and telegraphs, 4.535,800 kroner for justice, 

 police, and sanitary supervision, and 4,373,100 

 kroner for education. The debt, which was con- 

 tracted for reproductive works, amounted on 

 June 30, 1890, to 115,357,500 kroner, and was 

 offset by the value of the railroads and other 

 quick assets reckoned at 139,312,900 kroner. 



Commerce. The total value of the imports 

 in" 1890 was 208,659,000 kroner, against 191,608,- 

 000 kroner in 1889. and 158,397.000 kroner in 

 1888. The total exports were valued at 131.- 

 096.000 kroner, against 132.669.000 kroner in 

 1889 and 122,357,000 kroner in 1888. Of the im- 



