S\Vi:i.i:\ AM MM; WAY. 





ports, ( i rent Britain furni-hcd tin- valiieof ft 



(lOO kroner ; (iermuny. "i I.'.I-.'I.IMMI !.r.-in-r ; Sweden, 



..000 kroner; Ru->ia and Finland, v 

 <MH kroner; D.-nninrk. !.:!;N,IMM) kroner; the 

 United States, 9,208,000 kroner: the Netherlands, 

 N.i).-. l,(MK) kroner; Hclgiiim. 0,520,000 kroner; 

 France, .")>.;: l.o(M) kroner; tind older count ric-, 

 4.706.000 kroner, of the total exports, i 

 ODD kroner went to Great. Britain, 1.U3 1.000 

 kroner to Sweden, IS.^T.OOO kroner to Germany, 

 M.iiM.OOO kroner to Spain, 7.0N?.(MM) kroner to 

 France, ti.',",';:.n<M) kroner to Holland, 5.3i.000 

 kroner to |5clgium, 5,:!<M.1M>0 kroner to Ilciunark, 

 4.:{?'2.(HKl kroner to Italy. :!,(I!>:).IMIO kroner to Rus- 

 sia and Finland. 8,094)000 kroner to the I'nited 

 Slates, and 5.51S.OOO kroner to other countries. 

 The imports of articles of food and drink 

 amounted to ?!'.(MM),OOOkroner, the principal items 

 being 33.000.000 kroner for cereals. 23,200,000 

 kroner for colonial products, 15.600.000 kroner 

 for animals and animal products, and 3,800,000 

 kroner for fermented liquors. The exports in 

 the same class amounted to 49,300,000 kroner, 

 of which 40,300,000 kroner represent animal 

 products. The imports of raw materials of the 

 total value of 42,300,000 kroner were coal of the 

 value of 11,500.000 kroner, metals next of the 

 value of 8,100,000 kroner, then textile materials 

 for 7.700,000 kroner, and after these hides and 

 leather for 6,000.000 kroner, minerals for 4,600,- 

 000 kroner, and lumber for 3,800,000 kroner. 

 Lumber constitutes 70 per cent, of the exports 

 of raw materials, 31,000.000 out of a total value 

 of 44,000,000 kroner, hides and skins of the 

 value of 7,900,000 kroner coming next, and then 

 mineral substances of the value of 3,200,000 

 kroner. The imports of manufactured goods of 

 the total value of 45,700,000 kroner include 

 textile fabrics to the amount of 30,200,000 

 kroner, metal wares for 7,900,000 kroner, and 

 manufactures of wood, paper, and leather of the 

 value of 5,600,000 kroner. The imports of mis- 

 cellaneous merchandise amounted to 43,700,000 

 kroner, and the exports to 12,900,000 kroner, 

 including oil of the value of 7,600,000 kroner. 



Navigation. The number of vessels entered 

 at ports of Norway in 1889 was 13,064, of 2,705,- 

 293 tons, of which 7,229. of 1,719,083 tons were 

 Norwegian. There were cleared 12,854 in all. of 

 2,629,177 tons, and of these, 7,027, of 1,649.168 

 tons, were Norwegian. Of the ships entered, 

 5,845, of 1,572,814 tons, were with cargoes, and 

 7,219, of 1,132,479 tons, in ballast ; and of those 

 cleared, 11,728, of 2,223.596 tons, were with 

 cargoes, and 1,126, of 405,581 tons, in ballast. 



The merchant navy on Jan. 1, 1890, consisted 

 of 7,285 ships, of 1.011.898 tons, as compared 

 with 7,233, of 1.534.540 tons, in 1889. The 

 steam fleet numbered 5!>:i vessels in 1889, of 

 168,081 tons, not counting the vessels of the 

 Government. 



Communications. The railroads in 1891 

 had a total length of 1.562 kilometres. The 

 Government lines of telegraph had a length in 

 1890 of 7,585 kilometres, with 14..">:!() kilometres 

 of wire, and the telegraphs belonging to rail- 

 roads had a length of 1,585 kilometres, with 'J.ii-l") 

 kilometres of wire. There were sent in that 

 year 930.005 internal. 5'J3,9~ 1 7 international, and 

 k:>!t~ official dispatches. The receipts \\.-re 

 1,095,521 kroner and the exjrcnscs l,14!i.-><>. 



The number of domentie letter* that went 



throucli ti . ,. during IMXi vu, i 



OO<, I I money i. id r>. 



and the inimU-r of printed ioclocurett 

 1,1. KM*. The number of foreign Iei;.r-waf7r 

 in;, loo-, of rcgi-tcrcd leu Oj c,f news- 



. etc., l.nsn.SHM). The |xwtl receipt, were 

 2,818,575 kroner, and the ex|>en*-* .; I.V.' 



The Army and Nary. Military M-rviee i 

 obligatory by law, ami the period, l*eginning at 

 the age of t welily-lhree. j.s thirteen 

 five in tin- active army, four in the I.aixi 

 and four in the Lottdttorm. Actual M.T. 

 restricted to a course of instruction in the h'r-t 

 year lasting forty-two days for the infantry and 

 fortress artillery, fifty days for the engineers, 

 and seventy days for the cavalry tnd field artil- 

 lery, which is followed by twelve days of exer- 

 cises with the first class o'f the Landwehr. and to 

 twenty-four da\s of training in each of tl. 

 succeeding years. The effective of the active 

 army is about 12,000 men. and in case of war it 

 may be raised to 800 officers and 18,000 men ; 

 but this number must not be exceeded without 

 the consent of the Storthing. The military 

 efficiency of the Norwegians has been improved 

 by more careful instruction and voluntary prac- 

 tice in recent years. 



The naval forces consist of 4 monitors carry- 

 ing eight cannons, a deck-protected corvette 

 armed with 16 guns, a smaller corvette armed 

 with 12 guns, 3 large gunboats, 11 of the inter- 

 mediate class, 17 small ones, and 9 torpedo 

 boats, making 48 steamers mounting 82 cannons, 

 besides 88 machine guns. 



Political Crisis. On Feb. 2:i. !>!'!. M. Ber- 

 ner, a member of the Liberal Opposition, pro- 

 po>ed in the Storthing a resolution demanding 

 greater independence for Norway in diplomatic 

 relations. 1 he Government op| wised then-solu- 

 tion, but by a coalition of a part of the Moderate 

 Liberals with the Radicals it was carried 

 votes against 55. This motion gave exp;. 

 to one of the principal demands of the N< i 

 wegian people, for which Bjornst jerne Bj5rnson 

 and other champions of Norwegian liberty and 

 progress have agitated for years, and which has 

 been upheld by the vote of the j>eople. but de- 

 layed and defeated through the timidity and 

 vacillation of politicians. The advocates of this 

 and the other demands of the Radical party, 

 which came into power when .Johan Sverdrup 

 was made Prime Minister in .lime. l^H-4. are be- 

 lievers in popular sovereignty, many of them are 

 avowed Republicans, and the reforms called for 

 by the Norwegian people, which would give 

 proper weight to their interests in international 

 relations, excited such antagonism in Sweden 

 and amontr the Monarchists and friends of tin- 

 Union in Norway, who regarded them as a pre- 

 liminary ste| that woiihl eventually lead to the 

 dissolution of the I'nion and the proclamation 

 of a republic, that the Moderate Liberals ob- 

 tained the upper hand in the Sverdrup govern- 

 ment. This caused a split in the Liberal party, 

 which resulted in the formation of a miniMrron 

 July I'J. l^!i. by Kmil Stang. leader of the Con- 

 stitutional or Conservative party, who has been 

 supjx>rted by the M derate Liberals in keeping 

 ImeK the question of Independent oonmlar ami 

 diplomatic representation, which thmiteiUHl to 



