TTKKKY. 



TI'KKKY. an empire in southeastern Kuroi>e 

 and western Asia. Tin- tlironr de-cends tn the 



eldest of I In- prince- "f I In- lit HIM- n| ( Ismail. Tliii 



< 'oust iliitinn proclaimed on l ( -c. 23, Is7((. is 

 practically annulled, no Assembly having been 

 convoked since |S?7. The Sultan il represented 

 as ruler of tin- stale by tlic Sadr-a/am or Vi/.icr. 

 and M Supreme Khulif or ecclesiastical chief <>f 

 tin- Mohammedans l>y tin- Shcikh-ul-lslam. The 

 reigning Sulian is Abdul Ilainid II, born Sept. 

 22. 1*12. \\ho -nci-ceded to I In- throne when his 

 brother. Mil rad \'.i>n Aug. :U. ISTU, was depo-ed 

 on tin- ground of insanity. Tin- Sheikh-ul- 

 Islain. in Ilie beginning of ISJM. was Omer Lufti 

 KlTeiidi, and t he (i rand Yi/icrwas Kiainil I'asha, 



who pn-sidcd over the following Cabinet of inin- 



i-tcr-: Aarili I'asha. I'resident of the ( 'oiincil of 

 State: Said I'aslia. Minister of Foreign Affairs; 

 All Said I'asha, Mini-lerof \\';ir: Hassan Pasha. 

 Minister of Marine ; Munir I'asha, Minister of 

 the Interior: Uaif Pa-ha. Minister of Public 

 Works and Commerce: Kiza I'aslia, Minister of 

 Justice; Agop I'aslia Ka/.a/ian. Minister of Fi- 

 nance and the Civil List; Munif I'asha. Minis- 

 ter of Kducation; /ihni I'asha, Minister of 

 Kvkafs or ecclesiastical atTairs. 



Area and Population. The area of the Ot- 

 toman Empire, including Bulgaria and Eastern 

 Roumelia, Bosnia nnd Hcr/egovina. Samos. 

 Egypt, and Tripoli, is 1,052.533 square miles, and 

 the total population is estimated at 33,500,000. 

 The territory under the immediate rule of the 

 Sultan embraces (i:!.s,"iO s ( |i iare miles in Europe, 

 with 5.000,000 inhabitants, and 729,170 square 

 miles in Asia, with I5.-I30.000 inhabitants. In 

 Kuropean Turkey about one quarter of the popu- 

 lation areOsmnnli Turks, one quarter are (Jreeks. 

 one fifth Albanians, and the rest are Serbs. Hul- 

 gars. Wallachians, Armenians, Magyars, gypsies, 

 .lews, and Circassians. In Asiatic Turkey the 

 Turks form a large proportion of the population, 

 and there are 4,000.001) Arabs, after whom the 

 (ireeks. Syrians, Kurds, Armenians. Circassians, 

 and Jews arc tlio most, numerous races. The 

 principal cities of Kuropean Turkey are Con- 

 stantinople, the capital, with 873.505 inhabitants 

 in 188."); Salonica. with about 150,000; and 

 Adrianople, with 70.000. In Asia. Smyrna has 

 186,510: Damascus, abonl 150.000; Aleppo. in>.- 

 000: Bagdad. 1 00.000; Meirut, 70,000; Erzi rum, 

 00.000; Brussa. 00.000. 



Finances. The last official bud-ret, that for 

 the year endini: March 12. 1884. estimated the 

 receipts at l.i;:',l.:;oo.i;oo piasters, and expendi- 

 tures at 1.022.301, (UK) piasters (the Turkish pias- 

 ter =4-3 cents). For 1887-'88 the revenue was 

 estimated at about 1.750.000.000 piasters. In 

 accordance with an arrangement with creditors 

 of the I'ortc, an iriuli- was issued in 1SN1 au- 

 thorizing the emission of certificates to the 

 amount of I'!i2.225.s27 sterling for the con\cr- 

 sion and consolidation of the Ottoman debt. 

 Theeapital of the Koumelian railroad or Turk- 

 ish lottery loan was ivdm-i-d to I' 14.21 1.-1O7. 

 making the total debt floe,, i::;.-.':; t instead of 

 '.'I!io.'.i!l7.!is0. the amount outstanding ix-evioiis 

 to the compromise. Since 1SS2 interest DM been 

 paid on the reduced capital at the rate of 1 per 

 cent, per annum from the as-iLrned revenues ad- 

 ministered by the committee of foreign land- 

 holders. These revenues are the tobacco and 



salt tiniiio| M ,li.' S the f-xi-ie nnd Mump , 



li-hi-rii-, ilk, HIM! lolmcco title 

 sian tobacco, and the tribute nn.i,. 

 (\|>rus and Ka-t*rn Itmiiiifliu. IJ> th. 

 lion of the sinking fund (he amount of t). 

 had been reduced by I** 7 1" L'MM. |.,- , 

 not entering into the conMTMon nrrn\. f 

 amounted to about ti3.:on.ti<Mi. 



(MM) of new stock i-ind in ]^H t,. n-.iei-m th- 

 floating debt, t:f,'.00<M)<Ki owinj; to Ku-m . 

 the war indemnity, and intenutl loan- Htnoiiiit- 

 iiu,' to alM.ut 10,000,000. The new Mm, 

 Finance in the autumn of 1MM arranpd for 11 

 li-per-cent. loan of LT.000.H)0. rai-< d at (JO and 

 secured on a monopoly of the TnmU-ki or l'i-r- 

 sian tobacco, for the i>urpo-e of repaying ad- 

 vances and buying in Prance two armored 

 er- costing :i.'),()(lO.(MM> franc-. 



The Army. The |ws of May. ISM. N,,v.-m- 

 lier, lHH(i. and February, IHKS." nmke miliiiiry 

 service obligatory for a period of tlr 

 the regular infantry and four years in the other 

 arms. Conscripts are required' to serve with the 

 colors five months, at the end of which th- 

 buy exemption from further service. After the 

 full term of active service has expired t! 

 diers are enrolled in the reserves for time or two 

 years respectively, then in the J{niif for eight 

 \ears. anu in the Mm-tuhliz for six years longer. 

 The peace cHVi live of the Nixam or regular army 

 i- approximately estimated as follows: oflicei-. 

 12.(HK); infantry, 97,200; cavalry, 20.KOO; fn-lil 

 artillery, 9.200 "fortress artilleryinen : -").(KKI ( n- 

 gineers: and 8,000 other troops.' When tl 

 tern of conscription goes into full operation it is 

 expected that HK).C(M) trained soldiers can In- 

 placed in the field. The artillery is provided 

 with 1,248 field and mountain guns, and the 

 fortresses contain 2.:HM) cannons. 



The Naw. 'I he Ottoman fleet of war con- 

 sisted in 1890 of 7 armored frigates. N armored 

 corvettes. 3 imperial yachts, 3 ironclad monitors. 



4 ummnorcd frigates. 2 unarmon-d corvette-;. 1 

 torpedo catcher.-") gunboats. 15 trans|x>rts. and 

 12 large and 8 small new torpedo boats. 1 



2 submarine torpedo boats ana 30 of the old t\|H-. 

 Then- are in course of construction 1 ironclad. 

 8 torpedo cruisers. 1 gun-vessel. 2 corvettes, and 



5 sea-going torpedo boats. The period <! 



ice in the navy is twelve years, of which five 

 ye.-u-s are passed in the active navy, three in the 

 iv-erve. and four in the /,W//. 



Commerce. The total value of impor 

 returned by custom-house officials for the year 

 ending March 12. l*!Mi. \\;i- 2.nin..-,!i:,.()i t'.i,,- 

 ter-. of which !i 1-1.51-1.1 ion j ia-ters came from 

 (ireat Mritain. 40ii.l-t4.lNNl piasters from Austria- 

 Hungary. ,'."> -J.::i!!MlOO i> ia-ters from France. 17::.- 

 ::.':i.ooo piasters fr.Mii K'u-sia. 1 12.-12o.OOO| 

 from Mult:a-ia. 5:!.(M11.(MK piasters from Persia. 

 18,488.000 piasters from Italy. 4].574.(KKi j 

 from Helgmm. 3!.451,(KM piaten fr.-n; 

 mania. 2!.435.<KM) piasters from t , :'.U <> 



piasters from Ib-lland. (i.-}3S.(KXI pi;.-;- :- from 

 Srvia, M2,s.OOO piasters from the ('nitcd S 

 and smaller amounts from other countri. -. The 

 touil value of the exports wan i.. 'iiT.v.'-rtjH m 



: which 5s3.3!l3.MM pia-ti-r- w.-tit to (treat 



Britain, 496.991,000 piaster* t.- i 



(MN) piasters t.. Aust ria-Hnngnry. Sis.777.dOl) pias- 

 ters to Kgypt. (is.i7:..Nni Italy. 68.- 



