II KKKV. 





Tin- Servian Government, in competing for in- 

 Ibieiiee in Mac. donia witli ihc Bulgarian*, hits 

 maintained a college in Belgrade in which teachers 



aiv trained |'..r w.irk in tlial piov mee, and lias 

 opened schools in places where ihuv an- I. \s 

 persons n|- none at all of Servian blood. They 

 have been especially active in the vilayet of 

 M.inastir. and in .July. 1S!M, the Governor-Gc;i- 

 cral of .Macedonia, Faik Pasha, raised objections 

 to tliis form of political propaganda. The 

 (i n-eks. who once claimed as their own all the 

 Christian populations of the Belkan peninsula, 

 have MVII the Servians, the Roumanians, and the 

 Bulgarians fall away, and nationalism spring up 

 in Albania. The latest desertion was that of the 

 /inxares of Monastir. who, owing to their wealth 

 and intelligence, form an important element in 

 the population of Macedonia. About fifteen 

 years ago they learned that they were of \Valla- 

 chian origin, and from that time they have 

 joined their efforts to those of the Roumanian 

 Government in reviving the Roumanian lan- 

 guage and nationality by establishing schools 

 and reading-rooms. The Roumanian Govern- 

 ment has lately taken steps to obtain from the 

 l'rte for the Roumanians of Turkey the right 

 to have an independent religious administration 

 similar to that conceded to the Bulgarians in 

 Macedonia, and the latter favor the establish- 

 ment of a Roumanian episcopate at Mitrovitza, 

 because it would lie the natural ally of the ex- 

 archate in combating the pretensions of the 

 (Jreek patriarchate and the Servian propaganda. 

 In Albania and Epirus, as well as in Macedonia, 

 the \Vallachians, who formerly passed as (J reeks. 

 are asserting their nationality, and eagerly em- 

 bracing the privilege of worshiping in the 

 Roumanian tongue. In the summer of 1891 

 riotous conflicts took place in Monastir bet ween 

 \\~-allachians and (J reeks, when the former availed 

 themselves of the permission granted by the 

 I'orte to use their language in church services. 

 Riots between Roman Catholics and Orthodox 

 (irecks in Jerusalem called forth representations 

 from the French and the Russian ambassadors 

 at Constantinople, who avoided a controversy 

 that might disturb their political co-operation 

 by leaving the Turkish authorities to decide the 

 rights of the case. 



The Arnaiits of the vilayet of Pristina, in Old 

 Servia. having received no answer from the rn/i 

 to a demand for the restoration of certain ancient 

 privileges, marched 2.000 strong into Drenit/a 

 on Feb. 2, 1801. under the leadership of .luril 

 Beg, and alter driving out the officials, |>lice, 

 and military, burned the Governor's konak and 

 other Government buildings. other ads of 

 lawlessness were committed, but the Porte was 

 reluctant to take vigorous mea-uivs f,,r fear <f 

 provoking a new insurrection in Albania, and 

 merely strengthened the garrisons and prepared 

 lor effective military action in case of necessity. 

 In December the Mallisoris, who had U-en ac- 

 cumulating Martini rifles through some mysteri- 

 ous channel, which they refused to surrender on 

 the demand of the Turkish authorities, raided 

 villages in the adjacent part of Servia. A league 

 of chiefs was formed by Ca^-a-us Kffendi for 

 the restoration of the feudal rights to rai-e and 

 command the troops from Albania. A general 

 amnesty to all persons implicated in the Arme- 



nian agitation wn* proclaimed by the Sultan. 



and some hundred prisoner- . i. t . .. ,, 

 .Ian. 17. l*!l. The amnesty wn- a-" in: 

 with a promise that if. in the liilnrc, the 

 mans should have any cau-e of complim. 

 would receive just ice and satisfaction l,\ ., 

 ing to the Sultan through their patriarch. 



n May !M), 1KU. a band of 



brigands, led by AnaMati k. tore up 



some rails of the Oriental Railroad at Tcher- 

 keskeui, half-way Ix-tween Adrimiople an<: 

 slant inople and about M) miles f r , In Ci.nMunti- 

 nople. ii|>setting a train. Alter robbing the 

 passengers they carried ff to the mountain!. 

 those who were traveling in the first-clas 

 riages, who happened to be German tourists, one 

 of whom, a Berlin manufacturer named Israel. 

 they sent back with a letter demanding '' 

 francs. The German embassy promptly -in! 

 the ransom, exacting repayment from the Turk- 

 ish Government. The captive?, who were set at 

 liberty after a detention of nine days, were well 

 treated by the bandits, who numbered about ;JO. 

 all Greeks. For t lie suppression of brigandage 

 the garrisons in the province of Adrianop: 

 greatly strengthened, and more vigilant com- 

 manders and civil officials were appointed. At 

 Orniudja. not^ far from the place of the railroad 

 robbery. F.ugcne de Raymond, manager of a large 

 vineyard in the neighborhood, was carried off by 



another band of Oreek brigands, his companion 

 being released in order to convey the message de- 

 manding a ransom of fi.OOO liras. The Turkish 

 Government, on the demand of the French ami ;.-- 

 pador, sent the ransom to Thomas, the brigand 

 chief, and secured the prisoner's release. These 

 successes encouraged ot her robbers. An Italian 

 railroad official on the Salon ica-Uskub line of 

 railroad was carried off by brigands. An en- 

 counter between brigands who had laid an am- 

 bush for a grain merchant and a company of 

 Turkish gendarmes sent in pursuit of them < c- 

 currcd in September, not far from Adrianoplc. 

 and the brigands were captured after killing 

 several gendarmes. In consequence of the brig- 

 and outbreaks the Oriental Railroad Company 

 demanded special guarantees fr in the Porte. 



Change of Ministers. <>n March 17. 1MH. 

 Agop Pasha. Minister of Finance, resigned and 

 was succeeded by Na/.if ElTcndi. while still re- 

 maining Minister ot t he ( i\ il List. On >. 

 l'-!U. Kiamil Pasha, the Grand Vi/.ier. wai 

 missed by the Sultan, and all the ministers with 

 him, except thcM- f Marine. Foreign Affairs, 

 and .Justice. Djevad Pasha. Governor of Crete. 

 was appointed Grand Vixier. Djemal Fddin was 

 named Sheikh-ul-Islam. and the following min- 

 isterial ap|M>intmcnts were made: Said Pasha. 

 Minister of Foreign Affairs ami President of the 

 Council of State: Rixa Pasha, who w;is m- 

 mandant at the Yildi/ Kiosk. Minister of War: 

 Hassan Pasha. Minister of Marine: 11. Kifot 

 Pasha. Governor of Smyrna, to be Mini- 

 the Interior: Ghalib Pasha. Governor of Saloni- 

 ca. to be Minister of Fvkafs; Xuhdi IVi a. Min- 

 ister of Education; b'i/a Pasha. Miir.-' 

 .Justice; Mahmoud Pasha. Govern. 



Minister of Public Works, Com mere* 



Agriculture: Naxif Fffciidi. Minis!. -rof Fit 

 Mikael FlTendi Portokal, MtniMer of the Cml 

 List. On Sept. 10. Mahmoud Pasha having been 



