842 



UNITED STATES CENSUS. 



ber was 56,205. This shows an increase in the 

 nine years of 41,330 or 73-53 per cent. " This 

 percentage of increase, when compared with the 

 percentage of increase of population in the last 

 decade, namely, 24*86, does not indicate an in- 

 crease in the proportion of insane persons to 

 population, but rather a great increase in the 

 amount of asylum accommodation provided and 

 a willingness on the part of the public to make 

 full use of all the facilities thus provided." The 

 figures for the actual number of insane in the 

 United States can not be determined until the 

 work of comparing and eliminating all duplicate 

 reports of cases has been completed and the re- 

 sults tabulated. 



In 1889 there were 38 private institutions for 

 the treatment of insane 25 in the North Atlan- 

 tic States, 12 in the North Central States, and 1 

 in the South Atlantic division. Taking institu- 

 tions giving complete reports of expenditures, 

 the total annual cost per head for treatment 



(1889) was $161. Prom 1871 to 1880 the average 

 was $184. 



Schools for the Deaf. In 1889 there were 6,- 

 596 pupils in the public schools for the deaf, in- 

 cluding 3,791 males and 2.750 females. There 

 were 43 such schools. Statistics for 11 private 

 schools are given in the census report. They 

 contain (1889) 135 males and 141 females. From 

 institutions giving complete reports it is gath- 

 ered that the average annual cost per pupil in the 

 public schools, including both building and cur- 

 rent expenditures, was $271 in 1889 against $252 

 from 1880 to 1889. The average annual number 

 of pupils in attendance from 1880 to 1889 was 

 5,910. 



Schools for the Blind. The total number of 

 pupils (1889) was 2,931. In 1880 the record shows 

 2,041, being an increase of 890. "The apparent 

 increase is due to some extent to the increased 

 facilities for the reception and education of the 

 blind in the schools established for this purpose." 

 The total given includes 1,578 males and 1,319 

 females, as against 1,064 males and 955 females 

 in 1880. The total expenditures for 1889 are 

 given as $744,763, including $169,090 for build- 

 ing purposes. 



Pauperism and Crime. Convicts in Peni- 

 tentiaries. The number of convicts (1890) is re- 

 turned as 45,233, the ratio of the convicts to 

 each million of the population being 722. In 

 1880 there were 30,659, or, including the leased 

 prisoners. 35,538. The ratio in 1880 was 709 in 

 each million, the increase between 1880 and 1890 

 being 13. It is noted in the report that crime of 

 a serious character is " rather on the decline than 

 on the increase." The total number of convicts 



(1890) include 30,546 whites, 23,094 being native, 

 7.267 foreign born, and 185 nativity unknown. 

 The reports show 1,791 female convicts. 



A table of sentences exhibits the fact that 

 (1890) 5,175 convicts were sentenced to 1 year's 

 imprisonment; 7,684, 2 years; 5,333. 3 years; 

 3.080, 4 years; 6,990, 5 years ; 4,180, 6 to 9 

 years ; 5,658, 10 to 19 years ; 1,657, 20 years and 

 over; and 2,688 for life. Considering the most 

 severe sentences, only 140 females were sentenced 

 from 10 to 19 years ; 29 for 20 years and over ; 

 and 119 for life. 



Prisoners in County Jails. According to the 

 returns for 1890, there were 19,538 prisoners 



when the returns were prepared. In 1880 the 

 number was 12,691. This shows an increase of 

 6,847, or 53-95 per cent. The figures for 1890 in- 

 clude 13,961 white and 5,577 colored. Of these, 

 5,328 were negroes, 131 Chinese, and 118 Indians. 

 The negroes consisted of 4,427 pure negroes and 

 901 mulattoes or negroes of mixed blood. Of 

 the aggregate number of prisoners (which is 

 19,538), 1,737 were women. 



" Inmates of Juvenile Reformatories. The total 

 number of inmates (1890) is given as 14,846, 

 compared with 11,468 in 1880. Of the total, 

 (1890) 11,535 are boys and 3,311 are girls. The 

 percentage of girls is somewhat larger than it 

 was ten years ago. There are shown to be a 

 little more than five times as many girls' in 

 reformatories, in proportion, as there are women 

 in penitentiaries. 



Paupers in Almshouses. The aggregate num- 

 ber of inmates (1890) is reported as 73,045, as 

 against 66,203 in 1880, the increase in the decade 

 being 6,842. The total (1890) includes 32,304 fe- 

 males. The number of males, white, is given as 

 37,387; number of males, colored, 3,354; num- 

 ber of females, white, 29,191 ; number of females, 

 colored, 3,113. Of the aggregate, by age, 2,555 

 are under 5 years of age ; 1,783 from 5 to 9 

 years; 1,289 from 10 to 14 years; and 1,623 from 

 15 to 19 years of age. Details concerning the 

 aged give 345 male inmates between 90 and 94 

 years; 80 between 95 and 99; 40 between 100 

 and 104; 16 between 105 and 109 ; 6 between 110 

 and 114; 5 between 115 and 119; and 1 between 

 120 and 124 years of age. Aged female inmates 

 include 51 that were between 100 and 104 years 

 of age; 18 between 105 and 109: 9 between 110 

 and 114 ; 6 between 115 and 119 ; 2 between 120 

 and 124; and 2 between 125 and 129 years of 

 age. 



Education. Statistics for the public schools 

 of 1890, in States not published when the last 

 volume of the " Annual Cyclopaedia " was issued, 

 are given below : 



