16 



ARIZONA. 



manship, with geometric patterns correctly exe- 

 cuted ; implements of war, including a gilt spear- 

 head ; circular whorls of pottery ; fragments of 

 Persian and Celadon coins ; a smelting furnace, 

 tools, etc., connected with the working of gold. 

 Of other ruins near Zimbabye, and between the 

 Lundi and the Zambezi, the author speaks es- 

 pecially of those of Mattindaila, 64 miles north- 

 east of Zimbabye. It was apparently the center 

 of a line of forts extending over many miles. 

 1'he area inclosed by the walls is almost as large 

 as that of the circular building at Zimbabye, and 

 somewhat resembles it. The patterns outside 

 the wall are more elaborate than those of Zim- 

 babye. The interior is divided into chambers 

 by cross walls, and is full of large baobab trees. 

 The entrances are all triple and squared at the 

 sorners, and are all walled up. Outside this 

 fortress are a few minor buildings and numerous 

 circular foundations of regularly constructed 

 granite blocks. 



In a paper subsequently presented to the 

 Anthropological Institute (March or April, 1892) 

 Mr. Bent expressed the conclusions that the 

 ruins and the things in them are not connected 

 with any known African race. The object of 

 art and of special cult are foreign to the country, 

 where the only recognized form of religion is 

 and has been for centuries that of ancestor 

 worship. The cult, too, is distinctly pertaining 

 to a pre-Mohammedan period, while the ruins 

 presumptively date back to a period more remote 

 than is even implied in that term. A second 

 point is obvious, that the ruins formed a garri- 

 son for the protection of a gold-producing race 

 iu remote antiquity. Forts of a similar structure 

 are found all the way through the gold-produc- 

 ing country, and were erected to protect the mines. 

 The cumulative evidence in favor of the race's 

 being one of the many tribes of Arabia is very 

 strong, the special cult, the monolithic decora- 

 tions, and the later evidence of Arabian inter- 

 course with the country, when their power was 

 reduced to the coast line. 



The area covered by the ruins is very consider- 

 able, and all that Mr. Bent's party could do in 

 the space of time and with the money at their 

 command was to clear the ground of the vegeta- 

 tion that covered it, and excavate in some of the 

 most likely places. There is, therefore, a vast 

 area of ground still untouched, which may in 

 course of time yield further evidences as to the 

 origin of the builders of these ruins. 



ARIZONA, a Territory of the United States, 

 organized Feb. 24, 1863; area. 113,020 square 

 miles. The population, according to each de- 

 cennial census, was 9,058 in 1870 ; 40,440 in 

 1880 ; and 59,620 in 1890. Capital, Phenix. 



Government. The following were the Terri- 

 torial officers during the year: Governor, John 

 N. Irwin, Republican, who resigned on April 

 20 and was succeeded by Nathan 0. Murphy. 

 Republican ; Secretary, Nathan 0. Murphy, ap- 

 pointed Governor on April 21 and succeeded by 

 N. A. Morford ; Treasurer, William Christy ; 

 Auditor, Thomas Hughes ; Attorney-General, 

 William Herring ; Superintendent of Public In- 

 struction, George W. Cheyney ; Railroad Com- 

 missioners, II. B. Lighthizer, E. B. Gage, G. W. 

 Beecher, J. S. O'Brien ; Chief Justice of the Su- 

 preme Court, Henry C. Gooding; Associate Jus- 



tices, Joseph H. Kibbey, Richard E. Sloan, and 

 Edward W. Wells. 



Finances. The Territorial debt on Sept. 1, 

 1892, was as follows: Bonds issued, $581,000; 

 floating debt, $229,240.93; interest on bonds, $24,- 

 562 ; interest on floating debt, $26,026.92; total, 

 $860,829.85. At the same time the several coun- 

 ties owed debts, bonded and floating, with inter- 

 est, amounting to $2,305,084.50, and the several 

 cities were indebted in the sum of $188,811.46. 



The Territorial funding law, which was passed 

 by Congress in June, 1890, and which provided 

 for funding all the Territorial, county, municipal, 

 and school indebtedness of the Territory into 

 bonds, bearing 5 per cent, interest, was first made 

 available this year. It was amended by Congress 

 in July so as to provide for semiannual payments 

 of interest, and was changed in certain other re- 

 spects so as to be satisfactory to investors, after 

 which the entire issue of bonds was sold to a 

 single New York company. 



Valuations. The total assessed valuation of 

 property in the Territory for 1892 was $27.923,- 

 162.55, being a slight decrease from the valuation 

 of 1891. This decrease was caused chiefly by the 

 reduction in value and number of cattle on the 

 ranges. Included in the assessment are the fol- 

 lowing items: 3,368,743 acres of land. $4.748,- 

 962.43; improvements thereon, $1,679,013.20; 

 city and town lots, $2,266,883.50 ; improvements 

 thereon, $2,453,068.20; 48,428 horses, $1,158,912.- 

 46; 2,013 mules, $59,937; 644,209 cattle, $5.038,- 

 207; 4,022 goats, $4,424; 6,670 hogs, $26,680; 

 1.313 asses, $13,817.75; 384,338 sheep, $768,917; 

 1,074 miles of railroad, $6,038,893.41 ; all other 

 property, $3,665,446.60 ; total, $27,923,162.55. 



The rate of taxation for Territorial purposes in 

 1892 was 80 cents on $100. 



Education. A school month in the Territory 

 consists of four weeks of five days each, and, al- 

 though in the cities and towns schools are main- 

 tained for nine and frequently ten months, the 

 average for the Territory is between six and 

 seven months. Districts must maintain a school 

 for five months in order to secure the proportion 

 of county moneys to which they are entitled. 

 In round numbers, one third of the children are 

 at school, while the proportion of those who at- 

 tend a portion of the year is nearly half. 



The Territorial Normal School at Tempe, Mari- 

 copa County, is thorough in all its appointments 

 for educational purposes, and will compare 

 favorably with like institutions in the States. 

 The average number of pupils in attendance 

 during 1892 was 52. 



Militia. The Arizona National Guard con- 

 sists of 1 regiment of infantry, of 3 battalions, of 3 

 companies each. The sixteenth Legislature, in 

 the act authorizing the Territorial militia, pro- 

 vided for an allowance of $30 a month to each 

 company forcurrent expenses. Several companies 

 had been organized prior to the passage of this 

 act, and had been partially equipped from funds 

 allotted to the militia by the General Govern- 

 ment, Arizona's proportion of which is about 

 $2,000 a year. 



Mining; Discovery. Late in June the dis- 

 covery was announced of valuable silver depos- 

 its in the Cerbat mountains, about 50 miles 

 north of Kingman. The news spread rapidly, 

 and within a month 3,000 people visited the lo- 



