AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



47 



= 41 conts). The estimated receipts from CUP- 



tonswcre 10. in-.'.ooo n,,rins. leaving <;::,410.000 

 florins ID lie innilo up by Austria's contribution 

 and 'JU.OV.' 1,000 florins as the shun- of Hungary. 

 For is',)',' i In- budget estimate of expenditure was 

 i:;'.U I::.OMII florins, and the estimated receipts 

 from customs were -}0,l,V>.ooo florins, leaving a 

 balance of !((!,:! I. ">. ooo florins, of which Austria 

 pays 66.072.000 and Hungary :50.24:{,000 florins. 

 I'he ordinary expenditure amounts to 122,308,- 

 lo.'i lid-ins, of winch 3,579.700 florins are for the 

 diplomatic service, 107.093,247 florins for the 

 army, 9,484,014 florins for the navy, 2,022,884 

 florins for the financial administration, and 128,- 

 260 for the board of control. The extraordinary 

 expenditures amount to 16.834,181 florins, in- 

 cluding 14,627,243 florins for the army, 2,143.100 

 florins for the navy, and 63.838 florins for other 

 purposes. The revenue from Bosnia and Herze- 

 govma for 1892 was estimated at 10,187,450 flor- 

 ins, and the expenditure at 10,136,149 florins, not 

 including an extraordinary expenditure of 4,335,- 

 000 florins for military purposes. 



The general debt of the monarchy in 1891 

 amounted to 2,776,129.000 florins, Austria's spe- 

 cial debt to 1,109,871,000 florins, and the special 

 debt of Hungary to 1,734,185,000 florins, mak- 

 ing a total of 5,620.185,000 florins, not including 

 the common floating debt amounting to 351,- 

 945,099 florins. 



Area and Population. The area and popu- 

 lation of the Austrian provinces on Dec. 31, 

 1890, when the last census was taken, were as 

 follow : 



Since the census of 1880 there was an increase 

 of 1,913,803, which was at a rate of 0'76 percent, 

 per annum, the same average rate as in the pre- 

 ceding ten years. The number of births in Aus- 

 tria in 1890 was 894.35(5; of deaths, 696,342: 

 natural increment. 171,593. The number of 

 marriages was 178,906; the number of illegiti- 

 mate births, 128,702. 



For Hungary the census of 1890 gave the fol- 

 lowing returns: 



This makes the total population of the Austro- 

 Hnngarian dominions, exclusive of Bosnia and 



Herzegovina, which still form nominally a part 

 of Turkey, 41,231,342, on an area of 240,942 square 

 miles, showing a density of 171 per square mile, 

 206 for Austria, and 189 for Hungary. The in- 

 crease of population in Hungary during the ten 

 years was 1,693,827, being at the rate of 1-08 per 

 cent, per annum. The number of marriages in 

 Hungary in 1889 was 140,524; of births, 767,- 

 884; of deaths, 512,852; increase of births over 

 deaths, 255,032. The number of illegitimate 

 births was 61,468. which was at the rate of 8 per 

 cent., little more than half that of the Austrian 

 dominions. 



The number of emigrants from the Austro- 

 Hungarian Empire in 1889 was 55,794. Of l hi se. 

 26,424 were bound for the United States and 

 4,225 for the Argentine Republic. According to 

 United States returns, that number of immigrants 

 arrived from Austria alone, besides 15,746 from 

 Hungary. 



The principal cities of the empire had the fol- 

 lowing population in 1890 : Vienna, the Austrian 

 capital, 1.364.548; Buda-Pesth, the Hungarian 

 capital, 506,384: Prague, once capital of the 

 kingdom of Bohemia. 184,109; Trieste, the Aus- 

 trian seaport, 158,344; Lemberg, the principal 

 city of Austrian Poland, 128.419; Gratz, 113,- 

 540 ; Brtinn, 95.342. 



The Roman Catholics comprised, according to 

 the census, 79'2 per cent, of the population of 

 Austria; the Greek Catholics, 11-8 per cent.; 

 Jews. 4-8 per cent. ; Greek Orientals, 2-4 percent.; 

 and Evangelicals, 1*8 per cent, in 1890. In Hun- 

 gary in 1880 50-1 per cent, of the population was 

 Roman Catholic, 15-6 per cent. Greek Oriental, 

 20-1 per cent. Protestant Evangelical, 9-5 per 

 cent. Greek Catholic, 4'3 per cent. Israelitish, and 

 0'4 per cent. Unitarian. The educational laws 

 of both Austria and Hungary require attendance 

 in school from the age of seven. In Istria, Dal- 

 matia, Bukovina. and Galicia compulsory attend- 

 ance ends with the twelfth year, as also in Hun- 

 gary. In other provinces of Austria the period 

 extends to the completion of the fourteenth year. 

 The number r f persons able to read and write 

 increased in Austria between 1880 and 1890 from 

 10.930,090 to 13,258.452. 



The Army. The term of service in the ac- 

 tive army is three years, and when they are com- 

 pleted the soldiers belong for seven years in 

 the Ersatz reserve. Those who are not drawn 

 for active service may be enrolled at once in the 

 Krsatz reserve. The Landwehr, which is organ- 

 ized independently of the common army and 

 separately in the two halves of the monarchy, 

 has also its Ersatz or supplementary reserve. 

 Those who are not enrolled in the regular army 

 must serve twelve years in the Landwehr, in- 

 cluding all who are capable of bearing arms hut 

 fall short of the physical requirements for the 

 regular service. Soldiers who have completed 

 their ten years of service in the regular army 

 enter the Landwehr for the term of two years. 

 On passing out of the Landwehr they become 

 members of the Landsturm for ten years. Young 

 men who reach a certain educational standard 

 are required to serve for one year only, either in 

 the army or the Landwehr. The troops of the 

 Landwehr are called out only for instruction and 

 exercise in time of peace. Every man who is not 

 enrolled in the army or navy or in the Landwehr 



