48 



AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



from the age of nineteen to the age of forty- 

 three is a member of the Landsturm, from which 

 men may be drafted to fill up the army or Land- 

 wehr in time of war. The annual recruit of the 

 regular army is 103,000 men, of whom Austria 

 furnishes 60,389 and Hungary 42.711, besides 

 which there is an annual contingent of 27,400 

 for the Ersatz reserve, 10,000 for the Austrian 

 Landwehr, and 12,500 for the Honved or Hun- 

 garian Landwehr. Each of the 102 regiments 

 of infantry has its recruiting district. Tyrol 

 and Vorarlberg form a separate district, which 

 furnishes the regiment of Tyrolese Jagers, a 

 privileged body which remains in its province 

 to guard the mountain marches. The marine 

 troops are recruited in 3 districts on the Adriatic 

 seaboard. Bosnia and Herzegovina are organ- 

 ized on the Austrian military system, and are 

 required to furnish a quota of troops, which are 

 raised in 4 recruiting districts. Each regiment 

 has 5 battalions, except the Tyrolese Jagers, 

 which consist of 12. There are 30 battalions of 

 regular Jagers, 42 regiments of cavalry, 14 regi- 

 ments of field artillery, 72 companies of fortress 

 artillery, 2 regiments of engineers, 1 regiment 

 of pioneers, and 1 regiment of railroad and 

 telegraph troops. The peace strength of the 

 Austro-Hungarian army in 1892 was 337.419, 

 including 28,472 Landwehr troops under arms, 

 The infantry numbered 204,235: cavalry, 61,- 

 738 ; artillery. 33,132 ; technical troops, 10,148 ; 

 train, 3,851 ; sanitary troops, 4,698 ; general and 

 field officers, etc., 4,116; special formations and 

 military establishments, 15,501. In time of war 

 the strength of the army could be more than 

 trebled, and nearly as many more men already 

 trained and equipped could be called into the 

 field from the Landwehr and Landsturm. The 

 war strength of the army as officially given is 

 996,727 ; of the Landwehr^ 434.329 ; of the Land- 

 sturm, 441,122. The number of men who could 

 be called to serve in the Landsturm in case of 

 war and who would be available to fill gaps in 

 the army and Landwehr is over 4.000,000. The 

 number of field guns in peace is 912 and in war 

 1,864. There are 56,930 horses in peace and for 

 war 279,886 are ready. 



The Navy. The Austrian navy consists of 2 

 turret ships, the " Stephanie " and " Kronprinz 

 Rudolf," protected with 9 and 12 inches of ar- 

 mor respectively, and carrying one, 2, and the 

 other 3 48-ton guns, besides 16 other breech- 

 loaders and 22 machine guns between them. 

 Eight other battle ships of from 3,550 to 7,390 

 tons, with armor over their vital parts from 6 

 to 14 inches thick, mount 68 heavy gnns, weigh- 

 ing from 10 to 27 tons, in casemated central 

 batteries, and carry 56 smaller guns and 88 ma- 

 chine guns. The plated wooden frigate " Habs- 

 burg " carries 5 14-ton guns. There are 2 ram 

 cruisers. 7 torpedo cruisers, 5 torpedo vessels, 3 

 avisos, 2 river monitors, 4 training ships, 57 tor- 

 pedo boats, 19 station and service ships, 9 school 

 and barrack ships, 6 vessels for harbor and coast 

 service, and 4 stationary vessels. The navy is 

 manned in peace time by 623 officers, 7,500 sail- 

 ors, and 617 surgeons, chaplains, etc. The term 

 of service is the same as the term in the army. 

 A Seewehr, or naval reserve or militia, corres- 

 ponding to the Landwehr. has been organized 

 since 1888. 



Commerce. The general commerce of the 

 Austro-Hungarian customs union, which includes 

 Bosnia and Herzegovina, amounted in 1890 to 

 610,700,000 florins of imports and 771,400,000 

 florins of exports. The values of the principal 

 imports were as follow : Cotton, 63,500,000 flor- 

 ins; wool, 39,700,000 florins; coffee, 38,000,000 

 florins; coal, 25,700,000 florins; silk, 21,100,000 

 florins; machinery, 18,100,000 florins; woolen 

 yarn, 17,900,000 florins; leaf tobacco, 15,600,000 

 florins ; cotton yarn, 15,200,000 florins ; leather 

 12,600,000 florins ; books and periodicals, 12,400,- 

 000 florins ; silk goods, 12.200,000 florins; cattle, 

 11,600,000 florins; hardware and clocks, 11,400,- 

 000 florins; colors and tanning material, 11,- 

 400,000 florins ; grain, 11,200,000 florins; hides, 

 skins, and fur skins, 10,100,000 florins; woolen 

 goods, 9,600,000 florins; manufactured tobacco, 

 8,400,000 florins. The largest exports were of 

 the following values: Cereals, 79,900,000 florins ; 

 sugar, 65,400,000 florins ; timber, 61,700,006 flor- 

 ins; cattle, 35,800,000 florins; coal, 32,500,000 

 florins; hardware, 27.500,000 florins; woolen 

 goods, 22,500,000 florins ; flour, 21,600,000 flor- 

 ins; iron and manufactures of iron, 20,600.000 

 florins; wool, 20,000,000 florins; wood manu- 

 factures, 18,000,000 florins ; eggs, 16,200,000 flor- 

 ins ; wine, 15,500,000 florins ; glass and glass- 

 ware, 15,400,000 florins; minerals, 14,300,000 

 florins ; paper manufactures 14,300,000 florins ; 

 gloves, 14,000,000 florins ; feathers, 12,400,000 

 florins ; leather goods, 8,200,000 florins ; linen 

 yarn, 6,400.000 florins ; silk goods, 6,100,000 flor- 

 ins. The amount of coin and bullion exported 

 in 1890 was 4,303,000 florins, while 43,472,000 

 florins were imported. 



Navigation. During 1890 there were 66,271 

 vessels, of 8,773,713 tons, entered, and 66,527, 

 of 8,759,632 tons, cleared at Austro-Hungarian 

 ports. The commercial navy, including coasters 

 and fishing boats, comprised 10,380 vessels, of 

 250,716 tons, on Jan. 1, 1891. Of these. 71, of 

 83,371 tons, were sea-going steamers ; 102, of 

 14,481 tons, were coasting steamers ; and 10.207, 

 of 152,716 tons, were sailing vessels of all kinds. 

 Of the vessels that visited the ports of the mon- 

 archy in 1890 about 83 per cent, were national, 

 and of the tonnage about 82 per cent, belonged 

 to Austria-Hungary. 



Railroads. On Jan. 1, 1891, there were 15.- 

 193 kilometres, or 9,496 miles, of railroads in 

 operation in Austria, and 11.541 kilometres, or 

 7.216 miles, in Hungary. Of the Austrian roads, 

 6.021 kilometres were owned and operated by the 

 Government, 1,555 kilometres belonging to com- 

 panies were leased by the state, and 7,617 kilo- 

 metres were worked by companies, including 

 7.533 kilometres of their own and 84 kilometres 

 owned by the Government. In Hungary the 

 Government worked 5,756 kilometres that were 

 owned by the state and 3,909 kilometres belong- 

 ing to companies, while private corporations oper- 

 ated only 1,876 kilometres. The capital expendi- 

 ture on the 15,172 miles of railroad that were 

 in existence in 1888 was 3,660,501,000 florins. 

 The receipts in that year amounted to 269,285.- 

 000 florins, and the expenses were 124,730,000 

 florins. The railroads of Bosnia and Herzego- 

 vina had a length of 342 miles in 1889. 



Posts and Telegraphs. The number of let- 

 ters and postal cards that parsed through the 



