AUSTRIA-HUNGARY. 



51 



fur sickness, pensions, and accident insurance, 

 a- \\ell as other matters thai might form the 

 subject <>f disputes between the employer and 

 tin- employed. Tin- majority of the employers 

 of labor expressed approval of the establishment 

 of permanent committees of this character wher- 

 ever the workingmen chose to appoint such rep- 

 rcM-iitativi-s, but did not approve making the 

 formation of the committees compulsory or 

 lending them an official character. 



Hungary. The Hungarian Parliament has 

 two branches with equal and concurrent powers. 

 The Magnatentafel or Chamber of Magnates is 

 composed of hereditary peers who pay a land 

 tax of 3,000 florins a year, 286 in number; 82 

 life peers, of whom 50 were elected by the house 

 after the reform act of 1885 changed its consti- 

 tution, and all others are appointed by the King; 

 40 dignitaries of the Roman and Greek Churches 

 and 11 representatives of Protestant confessions; 

 3 delegates of Croatia and Slavonia; 19 arch- 

 dukes ; and 17 judges and high officials who are 

 peers ex officio. The Representantentafel or 

 Chamber of Representatives contains 453 mem- 

 bers, including 40 from Croatia-Slavonia. They 

 are elected directly by the male citizens who are 

 twenty years of age and possess a low property 

 qualification. The entire house is renewed by a 

 general election every five years. 



The Hungarian ministry in the beginning of 

 1892 was composed of the following members : 

 President of the Council and Minister of the 

 Interior, Count Julius Szapary; Minister of Fi- 

 nance, Dr. Alexander Wekerle : Minister of 

 Kducation and Ecclesiastical Affairs, Count Al- 

 binCsaky; Minister of the Honved or National 

 Defense, Baron Geza Fejervary ; Minister of Jus- 

 tice, Desiderius de Szilagyi ; Minister ad latus 

 or at the King's side, Ladislaus de Szogenyi- 

 Marich. Count Szapary became Prime Minister 

 on March 7, 1890. Minister of Commerce Gabriel 

 Carops de Bellus died on May 9, and Bela Lu- 

 kaes was appointed in his stead. 



Finances. The total revenue for 1892, as 

 given in the budget estimates, is 395,353,936 flor- 

 ins, including 5.824,955 florins of transitory reve- 

 nue. Of the ordinary receipts, amounting to 389,- 

 528,981 florins, 3,811,573 florins are credited to 

 state debts, 1,895 florins to the Accountant-Gen- 

 eral's office, 700 florins to the Ministry ad latus, 

 1.1 r>.!)70 florins to the Ministry of the Interior, 

 276.865,468 florins to the Ministry of Finance, 

 91,872,417 florins to the Ministry of Commerce, 

 13,835,125 florins to the Ministry of Agriculture, 

 1,080,014 florins to the Minister of Public Wor- 

 ship. 578.:'.58 florins to the Ministry of Justice, 

 and 337.461 florins to the Ministry" of Defense. 

 The ordinary expenditures are estimated at 368,- 

 100,562 florins, transitory expenditure at 7.2 7.V 

 728 florins, investments at 13,317,528 florins, and 

 extraordinary common expenditure falling to the 

 Transleithan half of the monarchy at 6,647.123 

 florins, making the total for the year 395,340,941 

 florins. Of the ordinary expenditure. 4,650.000 

 florins are allocated to the civil list, 73,097 flor- 

 ins to the Cabinet Chancery, 1.246,931 florins to 

 the Parliament, 24,956.72.") Hoi-ins to common ex- 

 penses of the whole monarchy, 46,132 florins to 

 the common pension list, 7^095,799 florins to 

 Hungarian pensions. 1 IS. ;:;-,'. S63 florins to the 

 national debt, 20,683,710 florins to debts of guar- 



anteed railroads acquired by the Government. 

 I.<)2!),'.76 florins to other guaranteed railroad 

 debts. 6,923,116 florins to the administration of 

 Croatia, 110,900 florins to the Accountant-Gen- 

 eral. :;:!7..">so florins to the President of the Coun- 

 cil, 58,990 florins to the Minister ad latns, 36.080 

 florins to the Minister for Croatia, 12,074.528 flor- 

 ins to the Minister of the Interior. 62.172. 1.~.2 

 florins to the Minister of Finance, 61,373.740 

 florins to the Minister of Commerce, 13,832.395 

 florins to the Minister of Agriculture, 7,607,204 

 florins to the Minister of Worship and Instruc- 

 tion, 13.167,933 florins to the Minister of Jus- 

 tice, and 11,990,711 to the Minister of National 

 Defense. 



The Elections. The first Hungarian Parlia- 

 ment of five years' duration was closed on Jan. 

 5. and the general elections began on Feb. 3. 

 The strength of the different parties was not 

 materially changed. The Liberals carried 251, 

 the Independents 78, the Nationalists 67, and 

 the Ugron party 17 seats. These, together with 

 40 delegates from Croatia and Slavonia, form the 

 new House of Representatives. A feature of the 

 elections was that the Liberals turned all their 

 attention to defeating the Nationalists under the 

 leadership of Count Apponyi, whose principles 

 are confined to opposition and legislative ob- 

 struction, while their usual antagonists, the In- 

 dependents, stand on a pronounced platform. 

 Another important innovation was the influence 

 that the Clericals exercised in behalf of their 

 religious plans. This is the first time that the 

 Clericals in Hungary have tried to influence the 

 elections systematically, and it was principally 

 by their aid that the Nationalists gained a few 

 seats ; but they also sxipported' candidates of oth- 

 er parties, who pledged themselves to further 

 their aims in religious matters. 



Session of the Parliament. The newly 

 elected Parliament was opened on Feb. 22 by a 

 speech of the King, Franz Josef, which con- 

 tained an all-round programme of work and re- 

 form. Most of the session was taken up in dis- 

 cussing the budget, which gave rise to a good 

 deal of parliamentary filibustering in voting the 

 different items, and the Opposition managed to 

 retard its acceptance until June 23. Two bills, 

 one securing equal religious rights to all creeds, 

 the other adopting the currency reform, were 

 parsed, and Parliament adjournea on July 20. 



Particiilarist Movements. The tendencies 

 which the various races of Austria have shown 

 toward a revival and cultivation of national lan- 

 guages, customs, and institutions, threatening to 

 convert the monarchy into a loosely cemented 

 federation of states, the latest development of 

 which is seen in an Italian nationalist movement 

 in the Tyrol, have manifested themselves in the 

 Transleithan monarchy also, chiefly in the move- 

 ment for the union of'Croatia and Slavonia and 

 their erection into a self-governing south Slav 

 state. Also the Roumanian population in Hun- 

 gary, which inhabits more particularly the west- 

 ern portion of that country and Transylvania, 

 has for a long time past maintained a hostile at- 

 titude toward the Hungarian Government, claim- 

 ing for the Roumanian element the same rights 

 that are possessed by the Magyars. But be- 

 ing in a considerable minority, they have hith- 

 erto confined themselves to passive resistance, 



