BOLIVIA. 



BRAZIL 



63 



my, Yuti, and Gamire Indians. The towns of 



Yuti anil Nuiiihili were burned to the ground. 

 The inmates IP!' (lie Nunavi mission and the [iro- 

 nic who hail taken n-fuge there were massacred. 

 Trading partio between Tanja and Vent Cruz 

 were waylaid and butchered. Some of the Indi- 

 ans were armed with ritles, Init the majority car- 

 ried liows, hide shields lionnd on their left arms, 

 and the stout, sharp innrlii-ti-x which serve both 

 a< weapons and utensils in the woods of South 

 America. Whoever was st ruck liy their poisoned 

 arrows died. The revolt spread through the re- 

 public, and the Bolivian troops, had ly armed and 

 badly (inicered. were able to do little more than 

 guard the towns. In the fights that occurred the 

 Bolivian soldiers, like their savage adversaries, 

 spared neither age nor sex. The first engage- 

 ment occurred on Jan. 28, when Gen. Ramon 

 (Jon/alez led 200 Government troops armed with 

 Kemingtons and carbines and 1,000 Indian aux- 

 iliaries against the strongly intrenched Tobas and 

 C'hiriguanos. said to be 8,000 strong, at Curtiru- 

 viu|ui and put them to flight, killing 900. The 

 Indians in former wars had never been known to 

 throw up breastworks, nor had they ever fought 

 so steadily and effectively. The Bolivians were 

 unable to follow up their victory for lack of am- 

 munition. The routed Indians retired to the 

 mountain fastnesses of Aguaraygua, and after a 

 few skirmishes the other bands in the Cordillera 

 province were broken up and t he district in which 

 the rebellion began was temporarily cleared of 

 hostiles. Yet the heathen tribes in the forests 

 of the east and the mountains of the south were 

 inflamed, and for months outbreaks occurred in- 

 termittently in various parts of the country. 

 The Itaquize. Camiri, and Huraca Indians com- 

 mitted horrible outrages. The few skirmishes 

 that the Bolivian forces had with the insurgents 

 made little impression on them. But in the early 

 part of the summer they ceased their attacks and 

 retired for a time to their homes, waiting till they 

 could provide themselves with better arms. 



Settlement with Chili. Bolivia was the 

 only State that, during their conflict with Balma- 

 ceda's Government,recognized the (Jongressists of 

 Chili as a belligerent power. They were compelled 

 to do so because the Congressists had the port s of 

 Antofagasta and Tacna, and were the custodians 

 of the revenues collected on imports for Bolivia. 

 Nevertheless, the act was an important service 

 to the Chilian insurgent party and a risky busi- 

 ness for Bolivia, because it exposed her to the 

 vengeance of the Balmacedists in case they won. 

 Before the civil war broke out Balmaceda pre- 

 sented an ultimatum to the Bolivian Govern- 

 ment, in which he demanded the complete ces- 

 sion of the territory taken from Bolivia in the 

 war, fixing as the boundaries of the surrendered 

 tract the Loa river in the north, the twenty- third 

 parallel in the south, and in the east the line 

 occupied at the time of the cessation of hostili- 

 ties. The commercial arrangements agreed on 

 at the armistice were to be embodied in the 

 treaty. Chili was to build a narrow-gauge rail- 

 mad from Ariea to La Paz, and the section built 

 mi Bolivian soil was to be paid for by the Bolivian 

 Government in fifty years by means of a sinking 

 fund of one per cent, per annum ; but in case 

 the popular vote of the districts should restore 

 Tacna and Arica to Peru in 1893, then Bolivia 



should assume the entire railroad debt and pay 

 an intcreM, of five per cent, a year and one per 

 cent, amortization. Bolivia was to engage to 

 build no railroad that did not terminate at some 

 point between Arica and Antofagasta, and should 

 make no alliance at any time that was not ap- 

 proved by Chili. The Bolivian tariff system, so 

 far as it affected Chilian interests, was to be 

 regulated by mutual agreement. 



These conditions would have reduced Bolivia 

 to economical and political dependence on Chili. ' 

 From the new Government of Chili, bound as it 

 was by gratitude to the Bolivians, much better 

 terms could be obtained. In 1892 a treaty was 

 arranged, of which the following are the princi- 

 pal provisions : (1) Bolivia makes a final cession 

 of its coast territory within the limits of the 

 actual Chilian occupation. (2) Chili will pay 

 Bolivia's external debt, amounting to 6,604,000 

 bolivianos, of which 1,200,000 bolivianos repre- 

 sent the war indemnity due to the Huanchaca 

 Silver-mining Company ; 1,600,000 bolivianos the 

 like claim of the Corocoro copper mine ; 252,- 

 000 bolivianos the damages due to the Chilian 

 company of Oruro; 850,000 bolivianos a debt 

 owed to Lopez Garcia: 788,000 bolivianos one 

 due the Guarantee Bank of Chili; 250,000 bo- 

 livianos an indemnity for the Mejillones Rail- 

 road concession; 50,000 bolivianos money ad- 

 vanced by Garcia; and 1,614,000 bolivianos ar- 

 rears of interest. (3) The importation of Chilian 

 articles into Bolivia is subject to the regular 

 rates of duty prescribed in the Bolivian tariff, 

 while Chili grants to Bolivia free transit to and 

 from the ports in direct communication with the 

 frontier, and acknowledges the complete inde- 

 pendence of Bolivia in tariff niatters, (4) Chilian 

 alcohol pays the same duties as foreign kinds. 



BRAZIL, a republic occupying nearly half of 

 South America. Each of the old provinces of 

 the empire and the Federal District, which is to 

 be reserved in the center of Brazil, forms a State 

 governing itself and safe from the interference 

 of the Federal Government except for the de- 

 fense of the frontiers, the preservation of order, 

 and the execution of the Federal laws. Cus- 

 toms, stamps, postage rates, and paper currency 

 come within the province of the National Legis*- 

 lature, which consists of two houses. Members 

 of the House of Representatives are elected for 

 three years by the people of the Federal District 

 and of the several States, in the proportion of 1 

 to every 70,000 inhabitants. Each State sends 3 

 Senators, whose term is nine vears, one third 

 retiring every three years. The President is 

 elected, like the Senators, by electoral colleges 

 in the States and the district. His term is six 

 years, and he can not succeed himself. His pow- 

 ers are much the same as those of the President 

 of the United States. Gen. Floriano Peixotto. 

 who was the Vice- President and constitutional 

 successor to the presidency, succeeded Marshal 

 Deodoro da Fonseca when the latter resigned on 

 Nov. 23, 1891. 



(For area and population, see "Annual Cyclo- 

 paedia" for 1891.) 



Finances. The actual revenue in 1888 wns 

 144.969,654 milreis, and the expenditure was 146,- 

 047,490 milreis. For 1889 a revenue of 160,060.744 

 milreis was expected, while the appropriations 

 amounted to 184,565,947 milreis. The estimates 



