CALIFORNIA. 



leader of this last conspiracy, wa? sentenced to 

 five years' imprisonment, the evidence against 

 him not being very strong in fact, hardly strong 

 enough to warrant any punishment. Another 

 prisoner, Constantin Popoff, was sentenced to 

 death for joining the hostile band of the Russian 

 Captain Nabokoff, in 1886. Of the six prisoners 

 acquitted, only one was declared absolutely " not 

 guilty " ; the others were released for want of 

 proof. The seven remaining prisoners were sen- 

 tenced to terms of imprisonment ranging from 

 sixteen months to fifteen years. The four con- 

 demned to death were executed July 27. 



During the trial, some Russian secret dis- 

 patches were published by the Bulgarian Gov- 

 ernment which tended to compromise the Gov- 

 ernment of Russia. These had been bought, to- 

 gether with the Russian telegraph cipher, from 

 a man named Jacobsohn, who had been a drago- 

 man at the Russian legation in Bucharest, and 

 embraced the correspondence between the Rus- 

 sian Asiatic Department of the Ministry of For- 

 eign Affairs with the legation at Bucharest. 

 Some of the documents date from the autumn of 

 1-887, and go to show that the Russian Govern- 

 ment has sought incessantly to compass the re- 



moval of Prince Ferdinand. The Asiatic De- 

 partment urged the Russian representatives at 

 Bucharest to encourage conspiracies against the 

 Prince, and gave orders as to the arrangements 

 with Panitza, who offered his services as early 

 as 1887. Nabokow's gang, armed by the aid of 

 the Slav committee, was represented to have been 

 directed by M. v. Nelidaw. In case of the suc- 

 cessful removal of Prince Ferdinand, the Bulga- 

 rian army was to be doiibled, each company to 

 be half composed of Russian soldiers. The So- 

 branje was to elect a Russian candidate for the 

 throne. The administration of Bulgaria by a 

 Russian governor receiving instructions direct 

 from the Russian Emperor was also spoken of. 

 The Russian Government declared that the docu- 

 ments were spurious. 



StambuloflTs Visit to Constantinople. 

 The Bulgarian Prime Minister visited Constanti- 

 nople in compliance with an invitation from the 

 Porte. The Sultan received him in audience, 

 and Stambuloff broached the question of the rec- 

 ognition of Prince Ferdinand, to which the Sul- 

 tan replied that the time was probably not far 

 off, but that under the present circumstances 

 nothing could be done in that respect. 



C 



CALIFORNIA, a Pacific coast State, ad- 

 mitted to the Union Sept. 9, 1850 ; area, 158,- 

 360 square miles. The population, according to 

 each decennial census since admission, was 92,- 

 597 in 1850 ; 379,994 in 1860 ; 560,247 in 1870 ; 

 864,694 in 1880 ; and 1,208,130 in 1890. Capi- 

 tal. Sacramento. 



Government. The following were the State 

 officers during the year : Governor, H. H. Mark- 

 ham, Republican : Lieutenant-Governor, J. B. 

 Reddick ; Secretary of State, Edward G. Waite ; 

 Treasurer, J. R. McDonald ; Comptroller, Ed- 

 win P. Colgan ; Attorney-General, W. H. H. 

 Hart; Surveyor -General, Theodore Reichert; 

 Superintendent of Public Instruction, James 

 W. Anderson ; Railroad Commissioners, William 

 Beckman, J. M. Litchfield, and James W. Rea ; 

 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, W. H. 

 Beatty ; Associate Justices, J. R. Sharpstein, T. 

 B. McFarland, A. Van R. Paterson, C. II. Ga- 

 routte, Ralph C. Harrison, and J. J. De Haven. 



Finances. The bonded State debt amounts 

 to $2,528,500, of which $751.000 is held by the 

 University fund, $1,526,500 by the Common- 

 school fund, and $251,000 by individuals. The 

 rate of interest is 6 per cent., and the whole sum 

 falls due in January, 1893. By an act of the 

 Legislature of 1891 a proposition to refund the 

 debt into new bonds bearing 4 per cent, interest 

 was submitted to the people at the November 

 election. 



The total assessed valuation of property in the 

 State for 1892 was $1.275,832,510, against $1,241,- 

 966,274 for 1891. These figures include railroad 

 property, which was valued at $41,956,000 in 

 1892. The valuation of San Francisco County 

 was $412,047,076. The rate of taxation for State 

 purposes was fixed by the State Board of Equal- 

 ization at, 44-6 cents on each $100 for 1891, and 

 at 43-4 cents for 1892. 



Banks. The total resources of all banks in 

 the State in 1891 were $283,846,270, and the 

 total deposits therein $186,471,036. This is an 

 increase in deposits of $15,241,505 over the re- 

 port of 1890. The deposits in savings banks 

 alone were $114,164,523. an increase of $15,722,- 

 000 over 1890. 



Tin Mine. For many years a large deposit 

 of tin ore has been known to exist in San Ber- 

 nardino County, but prolonged litigation over 

 the title to the land has prevented the develop- 

 ment of the property until recently. On April 

 25, 1891, the first pig tin was produced, and 

 since that time there has been a constant in- 

 crease in the facilities for production. More 

 than 150 men are now employed, and a ready 

 market is found for the output. 



Petroleum. California is the third petrole- 

 um-producing State in the Union, ranking only 

 after Pennsylvania and New York. Petroleum 

 is known to exist in many widely separated sec- 

 tions, though confined to the Coast range of 

 mountains. In this range it is found all the 

 way from Orange County to Mendocino, includ- 

 ing Los Angeles, Ventura, San Bernardino, Santa 

 Barbara, Kern, San Luis Obispo, Monterey, Fres- 

 no, San Benito, Santa Clara, San Mateo, Ala- 

 meda, Colusa, Humboldt, and Mendocino. The 

 principal center of production is in the south, 

 the wells of Ventura and Los Angeles Counties 

 turning oat a constantly increasing quantity of 

 oil. At Puente, 30 miles east of Los Angeles, 

 are extensive oil deposits, whose development 

 only dates back to 1882. There are 16 wells, and 

 they produce about 3,000 barrels monthly. Most 

 of it is used for fuel and lubricating. These de- 

 posits continue into Orange County, where 2 wells 

 have been sunk near Fullerton, which yield 

 small quantities of oil, utilized for fuel. Oil in 

 small amounts is found in other parts of Los 



