CAPE COLONY AND SOUTH AFRICA. 



miles, and the population, according to the cen- 

 of April ">, IWM, 1,537,224, of which :576,987 

 HIV white (l!.V.i"ti male- and 181.081 female-) 

 and l.i:>o,-J:;7(.'>71,:!77 males and 578,868 females) 

 colored. CJIJM* Colony proper lias an aiva !' 

 P.M. Mil s([iiarc miles and a population of 9.">d. (s.\ 

 of which :;::r>.'.i:iS are white and < I !)..>! 7 colored; 

 (Jrii|iiiiliind West, now incorporated in 1 ho Cape, 

 ha- l."i,197 square miles and a population of 

 5, of whom J!(.li7D are white and -Vijo.'i 

 colored: Kast (iriqualand, 7,594 square miles, 

 and a population of 152,618, of whom 4,1~>() are 

 white and 148,468 colored; Tembuland, 4,122 

 square miles and a population of 180,415, of 

 whom 5.179 are white and 175,236 colored; 

 Transkci 'J.o.VJ square miles and a population of 

 1.~>:;..-|<>:1. of whom 1,019 are white and 152,544 

 colored; Waltisch Hay, 430 square miles and a 

 population of 7(58, of whom 31 are white and 

 ?:J7 colored. The population of the colony 

 proper in 1875 was 720,984, of whom 236,783 

 were white. The bulk of the white inhabitants 

 is of Dutch, German, and French extraction. 



Finance. The colonial revenue in 1890 was 

 i ."..-) 7 1,907, of which 1,774,352 were derived from 

 taxation, 2,291,375 from railroad and other serv- 

 ices, 319,198 from public lands, 45,125 from 

 fines, etc., and 1,141,587 were raised by loans. 

 The total expenditure was 5,327,496, of which 

 1,062,780 represented the service of the public 

 debt, 1,018,065 were for railways, 142,774 for 

 defense, 215,809 for police, 128,624 for the civil 

 establishment, and 1,048,571 under act of Par- 

 liament. The revenue for 1892 is estimated at 

 4,285,650, and the expenditure at 4,216,883. 

 The public debt in the beginning of 1891 was 

 22,114,159. 



Production and Commerce. The imports 

 for 1891 were 7,518,437, of which nearly 6,- 

 000,000 were from the United Kingdom, and the 

 exports, mainly diamonds and wool, amounted to 

 10,994,970, against 9,653,982 in the preceding 

 year. There were in the colony in 1891 1,241,000 

 boned cattle, 430,000 horses, 16,000,000 sheep, 

 3,000,000 Angora goats, and 3,000,000 other goats. 

 In 1890 828 vessels, of 1,455,560 tons, entered, of 

 which 601, of 1,281,169 tons, were British; and 

 868, of 1,501,817 tons, cleared, of which 620, of 

 1,317,958 tons, were British. Coastwise there 

 entered 1,421, of 2,551,450 tons, and cleared 

 1,407, of 2,51 1,088 tons. 



Communications. There were 8.000 miles 

 of railway in the colony at the end of 1890, of 

 which 1,890 belonged to the Government. The 

 Ma-tern Railway junction, connecting Cape 

 Colony with the Orange Free State, was opened 

 by the Governor on March 10, 1892. The mail 

 matter handled in 1890 included 16,703,308 

 letters, 6,898,460 newspapers. 267,878 post cards, 

 8.431,220 books, samples, and packets, and 609,- 

 !'?:5 parcels. 



There were 4,640 miles of telegraph lines, all 

 of which were erected by the Government, and 

 1,291,984 messages were sent in 1890. The re- 

 ceipts were 72,746, the expenditure 80,968. 

 The telegraph line from Cape Town to Fort 

 Salisbury, in Mashonaland, extending over 1,646 

 miles, was completed on Feb. 17, 1892. 



Political. The most important political 

 event of the year was the raising of the electoral 

 qualification from a 25 to a 75 occupation. 



Persons who are unable to write their name, 

 address, and occupation are disqualified for 

 voting, but all persons already registered retain 

 their right to vote as long as they remain resi- 

 dent in the same electoral division. It also pro- 

 vides for election by ballot throughout the 

 colony after July, 1894. It is believed to be the 

 precursor of a more harmonious sentiment be- 

 tween the Dutch and English population of the 

 colony. The colored coolie population original ed 

 a movement to petition the Imperial Govern- 

 ment to withhold its assent, but received no 

 support from the Caffres, who seem to acquiesce 

 in the situation, though large numbers of them 

 will be disfranchised. 



Natal, a British colony, was separated from 

 Cape Colony in 1856. The Governor is Sir 

 Charles B. H. Mitchell. The area is estimated 

 at 20,460 square miles, and the population, ac- 

 cording to the census of 1891, was 543,913, of 

 whom 46,788 were white, 41,142 Indians, and 

 455,983 Caffres. The revenue in 1890 was 1,422,- 

 688, the expenditure 1,328,468. The revenue 

 was derived mainly from the following sources : 

 Railways, 686,119; customs, 336,821; excise, 

 21,935; land sales, 41,777; posts, 45,957; 

 telegraphs, 17,572; stamps and licenses, 25,- 

 965 ; native-hut tax, 76,610. The expenditure 

 was mainly for the following purposes: Rail- 

 ways, 622,173; education, 40,952; public 

 works, 86,274 ; defense, 53,801. The loan ex- 

 penditure was 1,166,815, and the debt at the 

 end of 1890 was 5,060,354. The imports in 

 1890 were 4,417,085, and the exports 1,379,- 

 657, including the trade with the neighboring 

 Dutch republics. The main exports were : Wool, 

 725,118; gold, 358,661; hides. 59,956; and 

 sugar, 18,491. The whites owned 575,655 sheep, 

 141,615 horned cattle, 65,801 Angora goats, and 

 27,784 horses ; the natives, 543,084 horned cattle, 

 268,369 goats, 33,292 sheep, and 32.142 horses. 

 The Government operates 3,39^ miles of railway. 

 There entered 538 vessels, of 514,252 tons, and 

 cleared 551, of 521,747 tons. 



Negotiations on the subject of responsible 

 government, the movement for which began in 

 1879, were continued in 1892 between the home 

 and colonial governments, the former still await- 

 ing a decided manifestation of public opinion on 

 the question before giving a final decision. A 

 clause has been inserted in the proposed Consti- 

 tution, after much debate, giving the Governor 

 authority to act as paramount native chief, re- 

 sponsible only to the Imperial Government, and 

 not to the colonial, for the administration of na- 

 tive affairs. This removes an objection which 

 has heretofore been made by the home Govern- 

 ment. Provision is also made for an upper 

 chamber, to be nominated for ten years, and a 

 reserve of 10,000 per annum for the promotion 

 of the welfare and education of the natives. The 

 opposition to responsible government is based 

 largely on the onus of defense which will fall 

 upon the colony after the withdrawal of the im- 

 perial troops and the lack of men competent for 

 ministerial positions. 



Basutoland. Basutoland is a British terri- 

 tory, governed by a resident commissioner, Sir 

 Marshall .lames Clarke, under the direction of 

 the High Commissioner for South Africa, who 

 exercises the legislative function. The area is 



