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CITIES, AMERICAN. (ANN AHBOB.) 



In October, 1774, the owner and consignees of 

 the ship " Peggy Stewart," loaded with tea, were 

 forced by the citizens to burn her in the harbor, 

 and throughout the War of Independence An- 

 napolis bore an honorable part. At the close it be- 

 came for a time the national seat of government, 

 but as a city it was rapidly eclipsed later by Bal- 

 timore, which, founded in 1739, had in 1850 

 169.054 inhabitants, while the population of 

 Annapolis was but 3,011. In 1845 the United 

 States Naval Academy was located here, which 

 removed to Newport, R. I., during the civil war, 

 but was restored in 1865. In 1888 the Academy 

 wall inclosed 50 acres the original grounds hav- 

 ing been Fort Severn, an army post from 1809 

 to the founding of the institute. The several 

 rows of barracks, etc., have been built at inter- 

 vals since, the library being one of the oldest in 

 the grounds, originally the residence of the Gov- 

 ernors of Maryland from 1753 to 1866. In the 

 United States Naval Institute building is one of 

 the largest collections of captured British flags. 

 The Tripoli monument, removed from Washing- 

 ton. D. C.. where it was mutilated by the British 

 in 1814, the Midshipmen's monument, and the 

 monument to Commander Herndon are worthy 

 of note, as are the brass guns of French manu- 

 facture captured at Vera Cruz, March 27, 1847. 

 The course of instruction at the Academy covers 

 six years, two of which are at sea. The Naval 

 Ordnance Proving Grounds lie on the opposite 

 bank of the river, on the site of Fort Madison, 

 which was erected during the war of 1812. The 

 Naval Hospital, erected in 1868-'69, is in a neg- 

 lected condition. During the civil war earth- 

 works were thrown up for the defense of An- 

 napolis, and soldiers' hospitals and a parole camp 

 for the exchange of prisoners were established. 

 A national cemetery was located here in 1862, 

 and the naval cemetery occupies a portion of 

 the Government hospital grounds. The plan of 

 Annapolis, with streets radiating from its two 

 central points, the State House and St. Anne's 

 Church, is said to have been that of Sir Christo- 

 pher Wren for the rebuilding of London after 

 the great fire in 1666, and by request of Wash- 

 ington to have been followed in laying out the 

 capital city. Many of the streets have historic 

 names, and, indeed, outside of the Naval Acad- 

 emy, the principal interest of Annapolis lies in 

 its historic memorials, it being in other respects 

 the " finished city " it was pronounced by De 

 Tocqueville in 1776. The State House, a domed 

 structure, the foundation of which was laid in 

 1772, has a total height of 200 feet, a frontage of 

 120, and a depth of 175 feet. The Senate Cham- 

 ber, in which Washington surrendered his com- 

 mission, in which the peace with Great Britain 

 was ratified in 1784, and where the Annapolis 

 Convention of 1786 was held, has been materially 

 altered. The State library, which is contained 

 in the building, consists of 70,000 volumes, 50,- 

 000 of which are law-books. The State Treasury 

 dates from colonial times. The executive man- 

 sion is modern, and cost $150,000. The court- 

 house dates from 1820 and contains records 

 from 1634. Several specimens remain of colo- 

 nial mansions, and the city boasts a newspaper 

 published since 1745. In all there are 2 daily 

 and 4 weekly papers. St. Anne's Church (Epis'- 

 copal), which has been twice rebuilt since its 



foundation in 1694, owns a communion service 

 presented by William III of England, engraved 

 with the royal arms. There are also Methodist, 

 Catholic, Presbyterian, and German Lutheran 

 churches, and some belonging to colored people. 

 St. John's College, chartered in 1784, has 148 

 students, and 11 professors and instructors. 

 The average attendance of children at the 

 four public schools is 400 white and 300 

 colored. Teachers for the whites are 20 in 

 number, and for the colored 6. In addition there 

 are 5 private and 3 parochial schools. Novi- 

 tiates for the Catholic priesthood, of the Re- 

 demptorist order, are educated in the old Carroll 

 mansion, given for the purpose by the grand- 

 daughters of Charles Carroll. Five priests are 

 resident instructors, with an average attendance 

 of 25 students. The assessed valuation of prop- 

 erty in Annapolis is $2,500,000, and the tax rate 

 is 80 cents on the $100. Fire protection is 

 ample, and water is supplied by a company with 

 a capital of $61,450, from a reservoir four miles 

 distant, with pressure of 30 opunds in the mains. 

 Gas is in use for illumination. There are two 

 banks, one national. The leading industry is 

 oyster shipping. There is also a glass factory 

 and a marine railway in the suburbs. 



Ann Arbor, a city of Michigan, county seat 

 of Washtenaw County, on Huron river, in the 

 southeastern part of the State, 38 miles from 

 Detroit. In 1870 the population was 7,363 ; in 

 1880, 7,849 ; in 1890, 9,431. The first settlement 

 was made in February, 1824, by pioneers from 

 Genesee County, N. Y., and in 1828 the village 

 contained 150 inhabitants. In 1834 it was incor- 

 porated, in 1837 was made the scat of the Uni- 

 versity of Michigan, and in 1851 received its 

 city charter. It stands upon several long, slop- 

 ing hills, 824 feet above sea-level, and from 50 to 

 70 feet above the river, a pretty winding stream, 

 which enters from the north and leaves at the 

 southeast. The soil is a drift of sand overlying 

 a gravel-bed 50 to 70 feet thick, which with the 

 descent to the river renders drainage easy. The 

 average annual temperature is about 47 ; the 

 average rainfall something over 31 inches. The 

 climate is equable, the summers being cooler 

 and the winters warmer than in many other 

 places having the same latitude. The streets 

 are broad, terraces abound, and shade trees of 

 hard maple, elm, and oak add much to the beauty 

 of the city. The avenues surrounding the uni- 

 versity campus are over 100 feet wide, with trees 

 in the middle. Ingalls Street and Washtenaw 

 Avenue, lined with handsome residences, deserve 

 especial mention, and Cedar Bend Avenue is 

 the most noted among many picturesque drives. 

 There are three principal parks, and numerous 

 neighboring resorts on small lakes. The assessed 

 valuation in 1890 was $4,771,000, and the total 

 of all taxes 1*35 per cent. The city debt is 

 about $21,000, bonds having been issued to 

 aid in building the University Hospital. Dis- 

 bursements for the year ending Feb. 1, 1891, 

 were $45.823.37, of which $9,425.40 were for 

 streets, $5,858.17 for the fire department, $1,- 

 957.79 for police, and $5,119.25 for public light- 

 ing ; $535,945 were spent in improvements, in- 

 cluding a new electric street railway costing 

 $70,000. The water works are owned by a 

 private company, the supply being drawn from 



