CITIES, AMERICAN. (RUTLAND, ST. ALBANS, SELMA.) 



119 



ploying about 800 men, the Rome Brass and 



Copper Mills, the, Home Merchant Iron Mill, 

 foundries, knitting mills, malleable iron works, 

 brickyards, stone quarries, cunning factories, 

 breweries, and factories of saddlery, carriage 

 good-, wagons sleighs, lumber, furniture, doors, 

 sashes, and lisliing tackle. 



Rut la ml, a town of Vermont, county seat of 

 Rutland County, 68 miles south of Burlington 

 and .">,") miles from Montpelier, advantageously 

 situated in tin- otter valley, at the meeting of 

 K.IM and oiler creeks. It is the most important 

 railway center, and, next to Burlington, the 

 ; place in Vermont, having a population 

 (.f Il.TliO in 1*90. It was incorporated in 1847, 

 the township containing, until 188(5, 2G,000 acres, 

 and embracing the famous marble quarries, 

 which in that year were set off to the town of 

 \Vest Rutland. It is surrounded by mountains, 

 Killinglon Peak, one of the highest of the Green 

 mountains, being only 6 miles distant, and has 

 an altitude of from 519 to 623 feet above sea- 

 level. The section of country of which it is the 

 center is rich in minerals, and besides marble 

 and slate iron and manganese are also found. The 

 railroads, which converge at a Union depot, are 

 the Central Vermont, the Bennington and Rut- 

 land, the Delaware and Hudson, and the Claren- 

 don and Pittsford. In 1890 the expenditures of 

 the city were $36,577, of which $8,382 were for 

 streets and sewers; 6 miles of gravel and 2 of 

 concrete sidewalks were laid. There are two 

 electric-light plants, in addition to gas; a volun- 

 teer fire department, valued at $17,500, with 

 electric alarm ; a telephone system, district mes- 

 senger service, a public library, free mail deliv- 

 ery, 9 miles of horse railway, and water works 

 which draw their supply from a tributary of 

 East creek, about 3 miles northeast of the town. 

 After percolating through a cobble-stone filter, 

 the water is conducted by an aqueduct to a 

 reservoir. The works have a head of 180 feet, 

 with normal pressure of 75 pounds to the square 

 inch. Six public-school buildings ernplov 28 

 teachers and have an attendance of 1,054. fhere 

 are also a high school, two convents, and a mili- 

 tary institute. The total value of public-school 

 property is $74.000. In addition to 5 national 

 banks, with joint capital of $1.000,000, there 

 are 2 savings banks and 2 trust companies. 

 Two daily papers are published. The public 

 buildings include a town hall, a courthouse, a 

 handsome post office, an opera house, a memorial 

 hall that cost $50,000, 3 large hotels, and a 

 V. M. C. A. building. Prom 1784 to 1804 the 

 town was one of the capitals of the State, and 

 the old Si alehouse, erected in 1784, is the oldest 

 public building, save one, in Vermont. The 

 works of the Howe Scale Company are here, and 

 employ 400 men. They consume 25 tons of iron 

 daily, and 2,000.000 feet of lumber a year. The 

 town is a gp-at marble center, and in its im- 

 mediate vicinity, it is claimed, nearly half of the 

 entire marble product of the United States is 

 obtained. At West Rutland 3 companies are 

 engaged in quarrying. The manufacturing es- 

 tablishments turn out machinery, including 

 stone and marble quarrying and working ma- 

 chinery; dairy and cheese-factory apparatus; 

 evaporators for sugar; engines and boilers; 

 chairs, sewer-pipe, and monumental and ceme- 



tery work. There are 8 sash, door, and blind 

 factories, and 1 of children's wagons, carts, 

 and wheelbarrows, employing 70 men. An artis- 

 tic and unique industry is that of onyx decora- 

 tive work, the inati rial for which is brought 

 from California and Mexico; 21 skilled artisans 

 are employed, and it is, with a single exception, 

 the only establishment of its kind in the United 

 States. It has been in operation since 1888. 



St. Allans, the third town in size of Ver- 

 mont, county seat of Franklin County, in the 

 northwestern part of the State, 3 miles from 

 Lake Champlain, 30 from Burlington, and 59 

 from Montpelier. It had a population of 7,771 

 in 181)0. It was incorporated as a village in 

 1859. The first settlement was made in 1763, 

 under a charter from Benning Went worth, Gov- 

 ernor of the Province of New Hampshire. It 

 is built on an elevated plain 390 feet above sea 

 level and 375 feet above the lake, and has a 

 park of four acres in the center. The head- 

 quarters of the Vermont Central Railroad Com- 

 pany are here, with car and machine-shops, and 

 two roundhouses with compartments for 40 en- 

 gines. The yard embraces nearly 70 acres, and 

 has 12 miles of track. In addition to the pas- 

 senger depot, there is a general office, 3 stories 

 high, of brick with stone trimmings. The town 

 is also on the Missisquoi Valley Railroad, and 

 has 3 stage lines. There are excellent water 

 works, a handsome academy building, and all 

 school accommodations, the enrollment in the 

 public schools being about 900 : an opera house, 

 a hospital, a courthouse, a large five-story hotel, 

 a public library. 1 Congregational, 1 Methodist 

 Episcopal, 1 Baptist, 1 Universalist, 1 Episcopal, 

 and 2 Catholic churches, ene of. the latter 

 French ; 2 convents, a national bank with a 

 capital of $100,000, and a trust company capi- 

 talized at $50,000. One daily and 2 weekly 

 newspapers are published. There is a board 

 of trade. Gas and electric lighting are in use. 

 The county is noted for its stock-raising 

 and dairy products, and the town is a butter 

 center and has a creamery association. The 

 manufactures include a construction company 

 (of iron and steel bridges, viaducts, turntables, 

 iron roofs, etc.); a foundry and machine shops 

 which turned out 150 car wheels weekly in 1890, 

 in addition to railroad and other castings and 

 varied machinery ; a factory of lumber-drying 

 apparatus; 1 of overalls and clothing; ana 

 marble and granite monumental works. There 

 is also a cold-storage company. 



Sclnia. a city of Alabama, county seat of Dal- 

 las County, on the right bank of Alabama river, 

 a little south of the center of the State, 50 miles 

 west of Montgomery, and the same distance from 

 Demopolis, 160 from Mobile, and 85 from Bir- 

 mingham. It is the sixth city of the State in 

 population, having 7.622 inhabitants; in 1880 it 

 was the third, with 7,529. Its limits have been 

 extended since the war. It has an elevation of 

 from 135 to 147 feet above sea level, being built 

 on a high bluff overlooking the river. It is the 

 Alabama center of the East Tennessee, Virginia 

 and Georgia Railroad system, and has seven 

 other lines the Selma, Rome and Dalton; the 

 Western ; the Briarfield. Blockton and Birming- 

 ham ; the Mobile and Birmingham; the Selma 

 and Akron; the Selma and Gulf: the Binning- 



