CONGO FREE STATE. 



CONQEEOATIONALI8TB. 



171 



tin- banks of the river. Tippoo Till. wh. 

 gacious self-inteiv-t would have been effective in 

 restraining tin- violent spirits, WHS at tin- lime in 

 Zanzibar; hut the prompt dispatch of troops 

 imposed a sutVu icnt check on the insurrection- 

 al-) movement. 



The hostility of the Arabs toward the whites 

 and the Congo State was not founded on trade 

 jealousy alone. Imt had been excited before this 

 by the operations of Capt. Joubert and ('apt. 

 Jacques on the west shore of Lake Tanganyika, 

 and of the agents of the Free State on the San- 

 kiiru and MaUua rivers, for the suppression of the 

 slave trade. In fulfillment of the international 

 engagements undertaken by the Congo State, 

 .louliert and .Jacques had fora year past carried 

 on a war against slave raiders, and had stopped 

 several caravans and freed many slaves. In ad- 

 dition to this, ('apt. Joubert undertook to impose 

 a tax mi Arab caravans bringing ivory to be 

 transported over the lake and down to the Zan- 

 zibar coast. This enraged Rutnaliza, the power- 

 ful Arab chief at Ujiji, on the east side of the 

 lake, who attacked one of Joubert *s stations in 

 April. 1892, and cut off his supplies. 



At the other extremity of the territory ravaged 

 by t he Arabs of the upper Congo, south and west 

 of the Lomami. M. Dhanis, the agent of the Congo 

 State, was established at Lusambo, on the upper 

 course of the Sankuru river. Shortly before the 

 massacre of Ilodister's party he had attacked a 

 large force of Arab slave raiders, killed 10 of 

 their chiefs, and taken 700 prisoners. 



Far to the north of these regions Capt. Van- 

 dekerkhoven had for a year occupied with a 

 strong force a station on the Makua river, the 

 upper course of the Ubangi, better known as the 

 Welle. After two hard-fought battles the slave 

 raiders of that isolated and remote district were 

 driven north of the river. The Arabs living at 

 Isangi, at the mouth of the Lomami, and those 

 reading at Stanley Falls, were greatly excited by 

 these operations in a region where the Congo 

 State had not hitherto attempted to interfere, 

 and. headed by Rachid, the leader of the Arab 

 rebels who seized Stanley Falls in 1886, the chiefs 

 sent a protest to the Congo State authorities. 

 Capt. Ponthier conducted the campaign against 

 the Arab slavers who were devastating the regions 

 north and south of the upper Welle. One of 

 their strongholds was on three small islands a 

 short distance above the mouth of the Borno- 

 kaudi. This was destroyed, as well as their for- 

 tified camp on the Mokongo, and the slave raid- 

 ers were completely defeated by Capt. Ponthier's 

 force, which set 250 slaves at liberty. 



Expedition to the Nile Region. An 

 Mined expedition led by Lieut. Yandekerkhoven 

 reached the region of the Bahr el Ghazal from 

 the head waters of the Makua or Welle in the 

 summer of isiis. The Congo State authorities 

 had notified the British Government of the in- 

 tended expedition, and no objections were made 

 at first, but when Lord Salisbury learned that 

 the aim was to find an outlet for trie Congo State 

 on the upper Nile, he intimated that the whole 

 of the Nile provinces were in the British sphere, 

 and that the presence of a Belgian force in that 

 region would not be tolerated. As soon as the 

 fact of the arrival of the expedition in the Nile 

 region became known, the British Ministry for 



Foreign Affairs intimated anew that it must U- 

 withdrawn, and declined to diM-u-^ any j 

 tion looking to the absorption of any district 

 drained by the tributaries of the Nile into the 

 Congo State. 



( OMiRKGATIONALISTS. The following 

 is a sununarv of the statistics of the Congrega- 

 tional churches in the t'nited States as they an; 

 given in the ''Congregational Year Book " tor 

 1892: Number of churches, 4,98") ; of ministers, 

 4,886; of members, 525,097; of baptisms during 

 the year, 14,7(15 of adults and 9,787 of infants; 

 of additions during the year by confession of 

 faith, 30.614; of families represented in the 

 Church, 873.995 ; of members of Sunday schools. 

 625,975; average attendance in Sunday schools, 

 880.790; of Young People's Societies of Chris- 

 tian Endeavor, 2,994, with 145,100 members. 

 Amounts of benevolent contributions, 4,1>-0 

 churches reporting: For foreign missions, $428,- 

 787; for education. $ 156,093 ; for church build- 

 ing, $145,697; for home missions, $589.092: for 

 the American Missionary Association, $156.880; 

 for Sunday schools, $55,945 ; for the New West 

 Education Society, $48,284; for ministers' aid, 

 $17,830; total of benevolent contributions, $2,- 

 448,875; amount of legacies received, $861,982; 

 of home expenditures (4,153 churches), $6,791,- 

 607 ; benevolent contributions of Sunday schools, 

 $141.766. Of the churches, 3,608 are returned 

 as supplied and 1,377 as vacant; of the minis- 

 ters, 1,705 are returned as " without charge." 

 The seven theological seminaries Andover, 

 Bangor, Chicago, Hartford, Oberlin, the Pacific, 

 and Yale returned 46 professors, 39 instructors 

 or lecturers, 12 resident licentiates or fellows. 22 

 advanced or graduate students, and 562 under- 

 graduates. 



The American College and Education Society 

 in 1891 aided 449 students, and was in its col- 

 lege department aiding 7 colleges. 



The Congregational Sunday School and Pub- 

 lishing Society returned an income for 1891 of 

 $62,055. and the expenditure of $61,690: had 

 aided in the organization of 515 Sunday schools, 

 and had made grants of Sunday-school litera- 

 ture to about 1,400 schools. 



The New West Education Commission for 

 work in Utah and adjacent States and Terri- 

 tories, returned, in 1890, 29 schools of all grades, 

 with 79 teachers and 8,704 pupils, who were 

 classed as "Mormons," "apostates." and "Mexi- 

 cans." and 22 Sunday schools, with 1.900 pupils. 



The Woman's Home Missionary Association. 

 Boston, supported, in 1891, 6 teachers in I'tah 

 and 2 in New Mexico. 



Congregational Chnrch Building Society. 

 The thirty-ninth annual meeting of the Amer- 

 ican Congregational Union was held in New 

 York city, Jan. 14, the Rev. William M. Taylor. 

 I). D., presiding. The report from the board of 

 trustees recommending a change in the corpo- 

 rate name to "The Congregational Church Build- 

 ing Society" was presented and unanimously ap- 

 proved, and the action thus taken was referred 

 to the counselors of the board to secure the neces- 

 sary legal confirmation. The receipts for the 

 year from all sources had been $168,442, which, 

 with $94,708 in the treasury at the beginning of 

 the year, made the total available resources of 

 the 'society $268,150. The disbursements bad 



