(APPROPRIATIONS MISCELLANEOUS.) 



211 



That is the exact condition; that is the law to- 



I maintain, localise the law is the |>er- 



:i i'i' reason, and we have seen the law built 



Up step after Mep. 



"1 iveolhvt in ls:! ( J I was compelled to hold 

 that the Legislature of Illinois had no right ar- 

 bitrarily to fix the rates for the carriage of pas- 

 .M-n.u'crs by railways, and was compelled to hold 

 that the railroad" companies had no arbitrary 

 riijht to fix them, but that it was a question of 

 :i;ibleiiess on both sides. It was then 

 claimed by the railroad corporations that their 

 rights \\ere absolutely uncontrollable. The 

 Mime principle must now be applied to the 

 solution of these troubles. These parties are 

 now cdii fronted on the banks of the Mononga- 

 hela river. Whether the battle is going on to- 

 day or not I do not know, but we have heard 

 the report that the lives of American citizens 

 have been lost in the battle. It will go on. 



" I invoke this committee, I invoke the Senate, 

 if it shall appoint the committee at all, to let 

 the committee have such powers as will allow 

 them to look into the very heart of this question. 

 It is a reproach to our civilization that this Sen- 

 ate and country perhaps the Senate has no 

 control over it bevond investigation stand here 

 now witnessing these two armed forces in battle 

 array, and we confess we have no power except 

 to inquire. Why inquire? What is the use of 

 asking the bloody story to be recited if there is 

 nothing to be done ? If this war is to go on for- 

 ever, why meddle with it? Let it be solved as 

 it may, you must find some principle by which 

 this thing can be done. You can not ask these 

 laborers to become slaves, because if it is true, 

 as claimed by some, that capitalists have a right 

 to hold over the heads of their employees the rod 

 of dismissal at their pleasure, American freedom 

 is .u r one, and th-i vote will be cast by the master 

 who holds the bread of the voter. You must 

 give to the voter, if you mean that he shall be 

 independent, a fixity of employment, so that he 

 may defy the employer, and say to him : ' My 

 tenure depends not on my vote, but my tenure 

 depends upon my good behavior, upon my fidel- 

 ity, my honesty, my industry, and not upon my 

 vote.' 



"If some solution is not found in that direc- 

 tion, this army of employees will be controlled by 

 the employers, and there will be established an 



aristocracy more terrible than exists in any fre* 

 country, and this nobility of wealth will become 

 our governors." 



On Aug. 2 the Senate passed the following 

 resolution : 



That a select committee of seven Senators be ap- 

 pointed by the I 'resident of the Senate, whose duty 

 it shall he to investigate and report to the Senate the 

 facts in relation to the employment tor private, pur- 

 of armed bodies of men *. r .1. t, rtives in con- 

 nection with differences between \\orl men and em- 

 ployers, such investigation to include the facts in 

 relation to the existence and employment generally 

 of such or similar armed bodies of men or detective* 

 in the United States since their first organization or 

 appearance therein. 



The investigation shall extend to and embrace the 

 reasons for the creation of such organized bodies of 

 armed men, their character and uses; also as to 

 where, when, how, and by whom such men have 

 been employed and paid for any services they may 

 have rendered, and under what authority of law, if 

 any, they have been so employed and paid. 



In addition to the testimony and conclusions of 

 fact, the committee will consider and report, by bill 

 or otherwise, what legislation, if any, is necessary to 

 prevent further unlawful use or employment of such 

 armed bodies of men or other similar armed bodies 

 for private purposes, and also for the more effective 

 organization and employment of theposse comitatvH 

 in the District of Coluinoia and the Territories of the 

 United States for the maintenance and execution of 

 the laws. 



Said committee, either as a full committee or through 

 subcommittees thereof, shall have authority to send 

 for persons and papers, administer oaths to witnesses, 

 and take testimony in Washington or elsewhere, ac- 

 cording to ite discretion, during the present session or 

 the approaching recess of Congress, and to employ a 

 clerk, messenger, and stenographer; the expenses of 

 the investigation to be paid from the contingent fund 

 of the Senate. 



Appropriations. The table below is a sum- 

 mary of the appropriations made at the first 

 session of the Fifty-second Congress. 



Miscellaneous. Among the measures that 

 passed both Houses and were delayed in confer- 

 ence were the following : 



To promote the safety of national banks by for- 

 bidding loans to bank employees. 



To. establish lineal promotions in the army. 



To give claimants the right to sue the United States 

 to obtain land patents. 



To exclude beer and malt liquors from the Indian 

 country. 



