EAST AFRICA. 



SMI 



s, and to the recklessness and ignorance 



of a lar.u'f majority "I' tin- enumerators who were 

 intrusted in collect -tati-Mr- men fur the nio-t 

 aid in have In en appointed to that duty 

 owing to their ele< timicd-Mi;,' capacity. 



Miuisli-riul. The only change in the mini. 

 tr\ has been the resignation of fir. Dowdney, of 

 the Interior, to accept the governorship of Brit- 



Mi Columbia, ami the filling <>t hi* place by J. ('. 

 Patterson, nieinl.fr of Parliament for North JIu- 

 ron. In November, Sir .l..hn Thoinp-on and 

 .M.-M-. Mowell and Umplcau m.-t at Halifax a 

 delegation from the Newfoiindland Government, 

 when ihe long-standing difficulties between that 

 island and Canada were fully and amicably ar- 

 ranged. 



I- 1 . AST AFRICA, a geographical division of 



the African continent lying cast of the Congo 

 State dominions and the former Equatorial 

 Produces of Egypt, and including the Portu- 

 gue>e territory in the south. The whole region 

 is now partitioned out among European powers. 

 By arrangement, Great Britain and Germany 

 have divided the country north of the Portuguese 

 colony of Mozambique, as far as the Somali 

 coaM, which has been conceded to Italy. The 

 Anglo-Portuguese agreement delimits the Brit- 

 ish and Portuguese spheres in the south. 



British East Arrica. The territory ac- 

 quired by the Imperial British East Africa 

 Company under a British protectorate has been 

 called Ibea, from the initials of the company's 

 name. In 1888 the Sultan of Zanzibar leased to 

 the company, which was organized under the 

 [M-eM.lency of Sir William Mackinuon, the coast 

 lying north of the German sphere of influence, 

 and extending from the right bank of the Umbe 

 river, as far as the Ozi, including the coast sta- 

 tions of Kau and Kipini. In 1889 he ceded to 

 the company all his stations and his territorial 

 rights north of Kipini, including the ports of 

 Ki-mayu. I'.rava. Merka, Magadosho, Warsheik, 

 and Maroti and the islands of the coast and in 

 Manda May. In 1889 the company arranged to 

 transfer to the Italian Government the parts 

 lying north of Kismayu. In 1890 the German 

 Government ceded to the company the sultanate 

 of Vitu and its claims on the Somali coast and 

 in the islands of Manda and Patta. In 181)1 the 

 company obtained from the Sultan of Zanzibar, 

 in consideration of an annual payment to him of 

 $80,000. a perpetual grant of all his territory 

 nort h of the Umbe and as far as the Juba. The 

 coast line of the British sphere is about 400 

 miles. The southern boundary stretches in a 

 northwestern direction from the mouth of the 

 Umbe, and, leaving Mount Kilimanjaro in the 

 German sphere, strikes the shore of Victoria 

 Nyan/a in 1 of north latitude. Crossing the 

 lake, it follows the same parallel to the boundary 

 of the Congo, except at Mount Mfumbiro, which 

 is included by a loop in the British sphere. On 

 the north the .Inba divides the British from the 

 Italian sphere. The boundary-line leaves the 

 river in ti of north latitude, and follows that 

 parallel as far as 35 of east longitude. This 

 meridian is agreed on as the line of demarcation 

 between the English and Egyptian sphere in the 

 Blue Nile region on the one hand, and the 

 Italian sphere in Abyssinia and Gallaland on 

 the other. In the south the boundary of tin- 

 Congo State forms the western limit of the Brit- 

 ish sphere, but in the north no limits are set. 

 The region of the upper Nile formerly subject 

 VOL. xxxn. 16 A 



to Egypt, which reluctantly evacuated the 

 country under British compulsion, is recognized 

 as falling within the British sphere of interest, 

 which includes farther southward the countries 

 of Uganda, Unyoro, Usoga, Ankori, Mpororo, 

 Koko, and a part of Ruanda. The area is esti- 

 mated at 1,000.000 square miles. The customs 

 revenue in 1888 was $30,000 ; in 1889, $56,000 ; 

 in 1890, $70,000. The trade is carried on mainly 

 by native merchants of India, the Banians. The 

 chief exports are cloves, grown on the islands, 

 ivorv, India rubber, gum, copra, coir, orchilla 

 weed, and hides. The imports are cotton goods, 

 copper wire, beads, and other common trade 

 articles. Harbor works and other extensive im- 

 provements at Mombasa, the principal port, 

 have been made by Indian workmen at the cost 

 of the company. Telegraphs connect the other 

 ports with Mombasa, which is connected with 

 Zanzibar by a cable. A telegraph has been con- 

 structed to Lamu, and surveys have been made 

 for a railroad to the Victoria Nyanza. The 

 armed force of the company consists of 2iM. 

 Soudanese, 200 Sikh soldiers, and bodies of na- 

 tive levies. Permanent advanced posts were es- 

 tablished in 1891 at Machakos, situate on a 

 healthy elevated plateau 250 miles from the 

 coast, and at Mengo, the capital of Uganda. 



Uganda. Uganda is a large and powerful 

 equatorial state, on the northern shore of Vic- 

 toria Nyanza. The area of the kingdom proper 

 is 20,000 square miles, while Usoga and other 

 vassal states bring up the total to about 70,000 

 square miles. The official title of the King is 

 Kabakawa Buganda (Emperor of Uganda) and 

 Overlord of Unyoro, Usoga, Karagwe. etc. His 

 power is restricted by the Lukiko, or Privy 

 Council, which is composed of the Katikiro 

 (chief judge) and the Aba-saya (great chiefs), ap- 

 pointed by the King. The present King, Mwanga, 

 who succeeded his father, Mtesa. in 1884, was de- 

 posed in favor ( f his eldest brother, Kiwewa. who 

 in turn was dethroned and succeeded by his 

 youngest brother, Kalema. Mwantra was rein- 

 stated in 1889 bv the aid of Christian missionaries 

 and traders. Tne country during those years had 

 been the scene of civil strife between the Christian 

 and Mohammedan parties, and latterly between 

 the Roman Catholics and Protestant Christians. 

 Those, however, in 1890 combined their forces 

 against the Mohammedans, who were t hreatenine 

 to take possession of the country, and expelled 

 them. Captain F. 1>. Lugard. who had been dis- 

 patched thither by the British Kn>t Africa Com- 

 pany, arrived in December, IS'.M). and concluded a 

 treaty securing for them certain rights in the ad- 

 ministration of finance, the army, and the foreign 

 and internal affairs of the kingdom. Captain W. 



