242 



EAST AFRICA. 



II. Williams was sent with a small force of Sou- 

 danese to re-enforce him, and arrived at Uganda 

 on Jan. 31. Lugard had built a strong fort, in a 

 commanding place at Kampala, and his influence 

 had been greatly increased. In February he en- 

 deavored to form a court of arbitration for the 

 disputes about land and slaves. The King became 

 more amenable, and acted as arbitrator in a burza 

 of the 16th. His decision was regarded as unfair 

 by the Protestants, and the whole country got un- 

 der arms. Lugard and Williams, however, with 

 the Soudanese and Maxim caused them to dis- 

 perse and return quietly to their homes. Further 

 friction occurred, and murders on both sides 

 were common, until, at Lugard's instigation, two 

 laws were passed, one providing that a chief 

 should not evict a man from his shamba with- 

 out the order of the burza, and the other that 

 the dwellers on a shamba should do the work of 

 the chief immediately over them, and he again 

 of his superior, providing the customary tribute 

 irrespective of party or creed. The Roman 

 Catholic chiefs became more reconciled, and were 

 ready to abide by Lugard's decisions. 



In March, 1891, he determined to face the 

 Mohammedans, who had formed an alliance with 

 the Wanyoro and were threatening invasion. A 

 native army of several thousand, in addition to 

 his force of two hundred, was assembled, and the 

 Mohammedans and their allies were met and 

 routed on the northwest frontier. After this 

 Lugard went westward to Lake Albert, and 

 northward to Mount Ruwenzori and the Sem- 

 liki. for the purpose of making treaties and 

 breaking the power of Kabba Rega, of Unyoro. 

 The natives, who were at first suspicious, after- 

 ward became friendly. On Lake Albert, mines 

 of salt, more valuable in this region than gold, 

 were found, and forts were built for their pro- 

 tection. As a result of the expedition, Ankole, 

 a territory as large as Uganda, southern Unyoro, 

 and Torn, were added to the company's posses- 

 sions, and access was obtained to the great ivory 

 preserve around Lake Edward. At Kavalli, on 

 the southern shore of the lake. Lugard met Selim 

 Bey, a former lieutenant of Emin, after the lat- 

 ter had passed northward, and persuaded him 

 to assist in maintaining the authority of the 

 British East Africa Company in Unyoro and 

 Uganda pending the approval of the Khedive. 

 They moved out from Kavalli with a combined 

 force of over 1,200 men and 9,000 camp followers. 

 A fort was erected at Kabaregas, fifteen days' 

 inarch from Kavalli, and a garrison of four com- 

 panies was left under charge of Captain Rehan. 

 Four other forts were also built in the neighbor- 

 hood and garrisoned. Lugard and Selim, with 

 the remainder of their men, then arrived at 

 Mengo, on Dec. 31, 1891, and found the British 

 flag flying over Fort Kampala, of which Wil- 

 liams was in command. 



During Lugard's absence war between the 

 rival parties had been narrowly averted. In the 

 early part of December Mwanga sent 4 Roman 

 Catholic chiefs with 500 rifles to kill Mulondo, a 

 Protestant chief in Kyagwe, but owing to the 

 representations of Williams they were recalled. 

 After the arrival of a supply of ammunition from 

 the company and the news that Lugard was 

 close at hand in the Budu country with Selim's 

 re-enforcements, Mwanga sent word that he de- 



sired to become a Protestant. On the represen- 

 tations of the French priests that the English 

 company proposed an early withdrawal from the 

 country, he regained confidence and became de- 

 fiant. About Jan. 5 Lugard received orders 

 to evacuate Uganda, but they were afterward 

 rescinded. After the arrival of the French bishop, 

 on Jan. 12, quarrels began to spring up daily 

 between the two parties, and on Jan. 22 a 

 Protestant was murdered by the Roman Catho- 

 lics. The King declined to punish or surrender 

 the murderer, who had taken refuge in the royal 

 grounds, and answered the protests of Lugard by 

 threatening to exterminate the company's forces 

 at Kampala if he endeavored to see justice done. 

 On the night of the 23d the Roman Catholic 

 party, who for a few days previously had been 

 massing in great numbers, beat the war drums, 

 and the next day got under arms. Five hundred 

 rifles were served out to the Protestant leaders 

 for distribution. Another Protestant was mur- 

 dered, and a man was surrendered as the mur- 

 derer, who, they were certain, was not the right 

 man, while the King and his counselors adhered 

 to their determination regarding the original 

 criminal. Negotiations were still pending, when 

 a part of the Roman Catholic and Protestant 

 forces opened fire at the foot of Mengo, near the 

 ex-missionary Stokes's garden. The latter were 

 victorious, and drove down their enemies toward 

 the King's fences, burning their houses. Sem- 

 bera Mackay, a leading Protestant chief, was 

 killed. A large body of Roman Catholics came 

 down to attack Fort Kampala, in which the Eng- 

 lish missionaries had gathered for safety. The 

 two Maxims of the fort opened fire, and about 

 40 were killed by the first volleys. The at- 

 tacking force retreated, but rallied at the top of 

 the hill and drove back the Katikiro and his 

 men toward the fort and burned his house. Lu- 

 gard ordered out Williams and the Soudanese, 

 who soon settled matters, the Katikiro's and Po- 

 kino's men reforming behind him, and the Roman 

 Catholics were driven far away toward the lake 

 and took refuge on the islands. The day thus 

 ended in victory for the Protestants, who were 

 in complete possession of the city. The resi- 

 dence of the priests had been destroyed, and they 

 were brought to the fort. The King, with 300 

 rifles and his wives and wealth, took refuge in 

 the small island of Burenguge, 500 or 600 yards 

 from the mainland, where the Christians had so 

 long withstood the Mohammedans. Lugard then 

 made endeavors to persuade the King and his 

 chieftains to return, and letters were received 

 from the former saying that he was willing, but 

 could not because he was detained and guarded. 

 The French bishop was sent with overtures of 

 peace, which did not meet with a favorable re- 

 sponse. Wadi Mafutaa, Stokes's head trader, 

 was then commissioned to tell Mwanga that, un- 

 less he returned at once, the Mohammedans 

 would be called in and their Sultan, Mbogo, 

 made King. A final letter was sent on the 29th, 

 allowing all Roman Catholics ba"k except the 

 two leading instigators of the war. On the 

 morning of the 30th the Protestants went down 

 to attack the island, accompanied by Williams 

 with the Maxim, to cover their landing. As a 

 result, about 33 canoes were sunk and between 

 300 and 400 men, women, and children were shot 



