EAST AFRICA. 



24:* 



or drowned, while all the property on the island 

 ..ii-il. Tlic King ami tlic Roman Catholic 

 bishop escaped to Srssr island. ;i stronghold of 

 (ln'ir part v. From this also they were dislodged, 

 an.) io<,k refuge in the Buddu country, and 

 tlii'iicr thf Kin-,' ili'il to Bukoba, German terri- 

 tory. 'I'lir British party at Kampala then 

 fi'iiml themselves in a precarious position, with 

 l.i MX i mouths to feed, the Roman Catholic party 

 threat miiiu' on the left, the Mohammedans on 

 the front. I he Kubalauji, or native heathen party, 

 on tlic riu'lit. and the Protestant party daily 

 dwindling away. Williams proceeded to the 

 (Jennaii station of Bukoba to bring up the Rem- 

 ington ammunition which Lieut. Langheld, the 

 ollicer in charge, had offered the company, and 

 to secure the return either of Mwanga or his two 

 nephews, who were under the charge of a French 

 prie-t on tlio south shore of the lake in the Ger- 

 man sphere. His mission proved unsuccessful, 

 and Lugnrd began to open negotiations for the 

 purpose of seating the Mohammedan King, 

 Mbogo, on the throne. On the 21st of March, 

 however, 4 Roman Catholic chiefs arrived at 

 Kampala with overtures of peace, which Lugard 

 refused to consider unless the King returned. 

 The Sekibobo and others accordingly went back 

 to get him, and succeeded in their mission, and 

 he arrived at Kampala on March 30. He de- 

 clared that he had been detained by the Roman 

 Catholics, who had determined to kill him rather 

 than allow him to return, and he accused the 

 Roman Catholic bishop of having been the in- 

 stigator of war in the first instance, and also of 

 counseling its continuance when on the island. 

 Negotiations were immediately opened up for a 

 division of the country between the 3 parties, and 

 envoys from the Mohammedans arrived on the 

 day following the return of the King. After 

 much controversy, the Roman Catholics were lo- 

 cated in Buddu, the Protestants in the region 

 about Mengo, while the Mohammedans were also 

 given a strip of Uganda on the surrender of 

 their King. On the 1st of June the temporary 

 treaty made by Lugard on his arrival was made 

 perpetual. Mwanga declared himself at one with 

 the company's officer and that religion should be 

 free. On June 16 Lugard left Mengo for the 

 coast with Capt. Macdonald and his surveying 

 party, who had arrived at Kampala on the 9th. 



The British East Africa Company obtained in 

 March, 1892, a vote of 20.000 for the survey of 

 the Mombasa and Victoria Railway, and shortly 

 afterward, not receiving expected governmental 

 aid. notified the Salisbury Government of their 

 intention to withdraw from Uganda at the end 

 of 1892. In September Lord Rosebery, in be- 

 half of the Gladstone Government, sent a let- 

 ter agreeing to the evacuation, but stipulating 

 that the company should prolong their stay till 

 the end of March, 1893, to avoid the dangers of 

 an immediate withdrawal. For this purpose the 

 sum of 12,000 was voted by the Government. 



German East Africa. The German sphere 

 borders on the British sphere on the north and 

 on the Free State of the Congo on the west. On 

 the south it is bounded by a line running from 

 the south end of Lake Tanganyika north of the 

 Stevenson road to the north end of Lake Nya^a, 

 and thence to the Indian Ocean by the Rovumu 

 river. The area is estimated at 345,000 square 



miles, and the population at 1,760,000. Tin- 

 coast line was leaned to the Germans for fifty 

 years by the Sultan of Xan/.ibar in 1HH8, and in 

 1890 the Sultan AH coded his sovereign right.s 

 in return for a payment of 4,000,000 mark-. 

 Most of the stations founded by the Germans in 

 the interior and on the coast were abandoned in 

 1889 in consequence of a revolt of the Arabs. 

 On the restoration of peace commercial enter- 

 prise revived. The German Government is rep- 

 resented by an imperial commissioner. The 

 value of the exports for the year ending Aug. 

 17, 1889, was 2,847.100 rupees, and of the im- 

 ports about 2,150,000 rupees. The export of 

 ivory was 1,197,251 rupees; of gum copal, 364,- 

 289 rupees; of caoutchouc, 306,805 rupees; of 

 sesame, 250,679 rupees. In 1890 the exports to 

 Germany were 489,000 marks, and the imports 

 from Germany 320,000 marks. 



After the suppression of the Arab revolt and 

 the execution of its leader, Bushiri, the back- 

 bone of the slave trade seemed to have been 

 broken, and the native tribes were being held 

 under control. But after the abrogation of mar- 

 tial law in favor of civil government, the na- 

 tives began to rebel against taxation, and in- 

 surrections occurred. The Wadigos, a powerful 

 tribe, went on the warpath and closed the cara- 

 van route between Tanga and Kilimanjaro. 

 Captain Kreuzler, the commandant at Tanga, 

 marched against them, but was driven back to 

 the station. Serious disaffection was also cre- 

 ated among the Arabs and Hindoos owing to the 

 inexperience and inefficiency of the young Ger- 

 man lieutenants intrusted with judicial authori- 

 ty by Baron von Soden, who had dismissed the 

 officers trained in African serviee by his prede- 

 cessor. In June, 1892, the Germans met with a 

 serious reverse in Moshi territory. Meli, Man- 

 dara's son and successor, a boy of fourteen, 

 evinced a strong hatred to the Germans and lost 

 no opportunity to bring about war. He occupied 

 the fort called Moshi, which had been built by 

 llerr von Zalewski, but which had been aban- 

 doned by Dr. Peters for the new Kilimanjaro 

 station at Marongu. Meli refused to obey the 

 command of Baron von Bulow, Peters's successor, 

 to abandon his position. The German troops, 

 consisting of 2 officers, 2 noncommissioned offi- 

 cers, and 180 native soldiers, endeavored to dis- 

 lodge him. Within a short distance of the sta- 

 tion Lieut. Wolfram was killed, and the party 

 was attacked by about 3,000 Wadshaggas, 1,000 

 of whom possessed breechloaders. The Germans 

 formed a squaro and fired with great rapidity, 

 but were unable to repel their adversaries, who 

 fought with the greatest courage, and Von Bu- 

 low, who had been twice wounded, gave orders 

 for a retreat. He was carried off the field on a 

 hammock, and in the retreat received a wound 

 that proved fatal. The German loss was 32. in- 

 cluding both oflicers, while the native was esti- 

 mated at about 40. The 4'7-centimetre gtm 

 which the expedition took with them fell into 

 the hands of the Wadshaggas. The German 

 force retreated to Gonga, part taking refuge at 

 Fort Mareny, which was afterward evacuated. 

 A relief party was sent out under the chief Jo- 

 hannes, and the station at Kilimanjaro was re- 

 occupied without fighting. About the same 

 time the native warriors in Usagara formed 



