280 



FRANCE. 



councils for each department. Deputies receive 

 9,000 francs a year, Senators 15,000 francs, and 

 the President 600,000 francs, with an equal sum 

 to defray expenses incident to the post. 



The President of the French Republic is Marie 

 Franois Sadi Carnot, born in Limoges in 1837, 

 who was elected Dec. 3, 1887. The ministers in 

 the beginning of 1892 were as follow : President 

 of the Council and Minister of War, Charles de 

 Freycinet ; Minister of Foreign Att'airs, M. Ri- 

 bot ; Minister of Finance, M. Rouvier ; Minister 

 of Public Instruction and Fine Arts, M. Bour- 

 geois ; Minister of Justice and Public Worship, 

 M. Fallieres; Minister of Marine, Vice-Admiral 

 Barbey; Minister of Public Works, M. Ives 

 Guyot; Minister of Agriculture, M. Develle; 

 Minister of Commerce, Jules Roche ; Minister of 

 the Interior, M. Constans. 



Area and Population. The following table 

 gives the area of the 87 departments (including 

 the territory of Belfort) into which France is 

 divided, and their population as ascertained by 

 the census of 1891, compared with the returns of 

 the last preceding census: 



The population given comprises the legal resi- 

 dents, whether present or not. The population 

 actually present in 1891 was 38,095,156, and in 

 1886 it was 37,886,566. There was a decrease of 

 the legal population in 55 departments, and in 32 

 an increase. The number of marriages in 1890 

 was 269,332 ; of births, 838,059 ; of deaths, 876,- 

 505 ; excess of deaths, 38,446, compared with an 

 excess of 85,520 births in 1889. The number of 

 arrondissements in 1891 was 362 ; of cantons, 

 2,881 ; of communes, 36,144. There are only 

 232 communes with more than 10,000 inhabit- 

 ants. The aggregate population of the 56 towns 

 having more than 30,000 was 6,862,822 in 1891, 

 an increase of 340,396 in five years. These towns 

 and their population were as follow : Paris, 

 2,447,957; Lyons, 416,029; Marseilles, 403,749; 

 Bordeaux, 252,415; Lille, 201.211; Toulouse, 

 149,791 ; St. fitienne, 133,443 ; Nantes, 122,750 : 

 Havre, 116,369; Roubaix, 114,917; Rouen, 112,- 

 352 ; Rheims, 104,186 ; Nice, 88,273 ; Nancy, 87,- 

 110; Amiens, 83.G54 ; Toulon, 77,747; Brest, 75,- 

 854; Limoges, 72,697; Angers, 72,669; Nimes, 

 71,623; Montpellier, 69,258; Rennes, 69,232; 

 Tourcoing, 65,477 ; Dijon, 65,428 ; Orleans, 63,- 

 705 ; Grenoble, 60,439 ; Tours, 60,335 ; Le Mans, 

 57,412 ; Calais, 56,867 ; Besanon, 56,055 ; Ver- 

 sailles, 51,679 : St. Denis, 50,992 ; Troyes, 50,330 ; 

 Clermont-Ferrand, 50,119; St. Quentin, 47,551 ; 

 Beziers, 45,475 : Bourges, 45,342 ; Boulogne, 45,- 

 205 ; Caen, 45,201 ; Avignon, 43,453 ; Lorient, 

 42,116; Levallois-Perret, 39,857: Dunkirk, 39,- 

 498; Cherbourg, 38.554 ; Poitiers, 37,497; Angou- 

 leme, 36,690 ; Cette, 36,541 ; Perpignan, 33,878 ; 

 Rochefort, 33,334; Boulogne-sur-Seine, 32,569; 

 Pau, 32,111 ; Perigueux. 31,439 : Roanne, 31,380 ; 

 St. Nazaire, 30,935; Clichy, 30,608; Laval, 30,- 

 374. The number of foreigners in France in 

 1891 was 1,101,728, compared with 1,126.531 in 

 1886. The number of elementary schools in 1889 

 was 86,030, including 17,006 private schools. 



