310 



GERMANY. 



Schwerin, 578,565; Hesse, 993,659; Oldenburg, 

 354,968 ; Brunswick, 403,029 ; Saxe- Weimar, 

 326,091 ; Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 97,978 ; Saxe- 

 Meiningen, 223,832; Anhalt, 271,759; Saxe- 

 Coburg-Gotha, 206,513; Saxe-Altenburg, 170,- 

 864 ; Lippe, 128,414 ; Waldeck, 57,283 ; Schwarz- 

 burg-Rudolstadt, 85,863 ; Schwarzburg-Sonders- 

 hausen, 75,510 ; Reuss-Schleiz, 119,811 ; Schaum- 

 burg-Lippe, 39,183 ; Reuss-Greiz, 62,754 ; Ham- 

 burg, 622,530; Lubeck, 76,485; Bremen, 

 180,443. The greatest increase in population 

 was in Hamburg, Lubeck, Reuss-Greiz, Saxony, 

 Anhalt, Bremen, Reuss-Schleiz, and Brunswick. 

 A decrease was noted in Mecklenburg-Strelitz. 

 Of the total population, 24,231,832 were males 

 and 25,189,232 females. The emigration in 1891 

 was much larger than in the preceding years. 

 From German ports, and from Rotterdam, Am- 

 sterdam, and Antwerp, there emigrated in all 

 115,392 persons, against 91,925 in 1890, and 90,- 

 259 in 1889. The greatest proportion came 

 from Prussia, and particularly from West Prus- 

 sia and Posen. 



Religion. Liberty of conscience and equality 

 of all religious confessions was reserved by the 

 Constitution. The relation between state and 

 church varies in the different states of the em- 

 pire. The Jesuits are interdicted in all parts of 

 Germany, and convents and religious orders, 

 except those engaged in nursing the sick, have 

 been suppressed. The religious census of 1885 

 shows that 62'7 per cent, of the population were 

 Protestants ; 35'8 per cent. Roman Catholics ; 

 0'27 per cent, other Christians ; 1'2 per cent. Jews ; 

 and 0'03 per cent, unclassified. For every 1,000 

 members of religious bodies in 1871 there was an 

 increase in 1880 to 1,099 members of the evangel- 

 ical Church and 1,113 Catholics. In 1890 the 

 numbers had increased to 1,190 and 1,240. For 

 every 1,000 persons without religion in 1871 

 there were 4,000 in 1880 and 14,355 in 1890. 



Finances. The revenue of the empire is de- 

 rived from customs, certain excise duties, stain ps, 

 and the post office, telegraphs, and state rail- 

 roads. For the difference between these receipts 

 and the requirements of the Government the in- 

 dividual states are assessed in proportion to pop- 

 ulation. For 1891-'92 the estimated ordinary 

 revenue amounted to 1,013,041,000 marks, while 

 the extraordinary revenue was 91,831,000 marks. 

 The ordinary expenditures for the same time 

 were 1,015,561,000 marks, the extraordinary 91,- 

 831,000 marks. The total revenue for 189l-'92 

 was estimated at 1,104,872,300 marks, of which 

 578,753,600 marks are derived from customs and 

 excise, 34,506,000 marks from stamp duties, 23,- 

 776,100 marks from posts and telegraphs, 20,- 

 194,900 marks from railroads, 2,691,700 marks 

 from the Imperial Bank, 1,185,300 marks from 

 the Government printing office, 8,830,500 marks 

 from receipts of the various departments, 25,- 

 453,300 marks from interest of the Invalid 

 fund, 441.600 marks from interest of the impe- 

 rial funds, 609,200 marks from various other 

 resources, 91,830,800 marks from extraordinary 

 sources, and 316,599,300 marks from matricular 

 contributions of the differe.it states of the empire. 

 The total expenditure for 1891-'92 was esti- 

 mated at 1,107,392,100 marks, of which 422,300 

 marks were appropriated for the Reichstag, 148,- 

 609 marks for the chancellory, 9,195,900 marks 



for foreign affairs, 16,432,200 marks for the 

 Ministry of the Interior, 413,117,900 marks for 

 the army, 42,818,100 marks for the navy, 1,964,- 

 200 marks for the Department of Justice, 336,- 

 222,700 marks for the treasury, 306,600 marks 

 for the Railroad Department, 53,861,500 marks 

 for the debt of the empire, 608,600 marks for 

 the Audit Office, 40,905,600 marks for pensions, 

 25,453,800 marks for the Invalid fund, 540,- 

 000 marks for increase of salaries, and 165,3!)4,- 

 100 marks for extraordinary expenses. The debt 

 of the empire at the end of 1890 amounted to 

 1,123,944,700 marks, nominal value, the bulk 

 bearing 4 per cent., and some of it 3 per cent., 

 interest. A new loan was issued Feb. 9, 1892, 

 amounting to 340,000,000 marks. The imperial 

 portion is 160,000,000 marks ; that of Prussia 

 180,000,000. The unfunded debt, represented 

 by treasury bills, was 122,908,940 marks on 

 March 31, 1890. The Invalid fund, at the end 

 of ' February, 1891, amounted to 470,542,900 

 marks, 3,412,950 Frankfort florins, and 5,296,- 

 235 silver marks. The fund for the erection of 

 the Reichstag building amounted to 12,959,900 

 marks. The War Treasure fund, which is hoarded 

 in the fortress of Spandau, amounts to 120,000,- 

 000 marks in gold coin. 



In the following table the budgets of the dif- 

 ferent German states and their debts are given 

 in marks, in most cases for the year 1892, in 

 others for 1891 : 



The Army. The present peace footing of the 

 German army is 486,983 men, with 20,440 officers 

 and 93,908 horses. There are 173 regiments of 

 infantry, 19 battalions of rifles, 93 regiments of 

 cavalry, 43 regiments of field artillery, 14 regi- 

 ments and 3 battalions of foot artillery, 20 bat- 

 talions of pioneers, 2 railway regiments, in- 

 cluding 1 balloon detachment, and 21 battalions 

 of train. In time of peace a company consists 

 of about 138 men, 4 companies forming a bat- 

 talion, 3 battalions a regiment, 2 regiments a 

 brigade, 2 brigades a division, and 2 divisions an 

 army corps. In addition to 2 cavalry regiments 

 attached to the infantry divisions and 6 field 



