318 



GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



Secretary of State for the Colonies, Lord Knuts- 

 ford, formerly Sir Henry Thurstan Holland, ap- 

 pointed Jan. 14, 1887 ; becretary of State for In- 

 dia, Viscount Cross, formerly Sir Richard Cross ; 

 First Lord of the Admiralty, Lord George 

 Hamilton ; Chief Secretary to the Lord Lieu- 

 tenant of Ireland, William Lawies Jackson, ap- 

 pointed in November, 1891 ; Lord Chancellor 

 of Ireland, Lord Ashbourne, formerly Edward 

 Gibson ; Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, 

 the Duke of Rutland, formerly Lord John Man- 

 ners; President of the Board of Trade, Sir 

 Michael Hicks-Beach, who succeeded Lord Stan- 

 ley of Preston in 1888; Lord Privy Seal, Earl 

 Cadogan, appointed April 19, 1887; President 

 of the Local Government Board, Charles Thomas 

 Ritchie, appointed on Aug. 3, 1886, and admit- 

 ted to a seat in the Cabinet on April 19, 1887 ; 

 President of the Board of Agriculture, Henry 

 Chaplin, appointed Sept. 5, 1889, when the of- 

 fice was created. 



Area and Population. The area of the 

 United Kingdom is 121,481 square miles. The 

 last decennial census, taken on April 5, 1891, 

 makes the total population 37,888,153, showing 

 an increase in ten years of 8'17 per cent. In 

 England and Wales the increase was 11 '65 per 

 cent.: in Scotland, 7'96 percent.; and in the Isle of 

 Man and the Channel Islands, 4'7 per cent.; while 

 in Ireland there was a decrease of 9'1 per cent. 

 The population of England in 1891 was 27,482,- 

 104; of Wales, 1,518,914; of Scotland, 4,033,103 ; 

 of Ireland, 4,706,162 : of the Isle of Man, 55,598 ; 

 of the Channel Islands, 92,272. In England and 

 Wales there were 14,050.620 males and 14,950,- 

 398 females ; in Scotland. 1,951,461 males and 

 2,081,642 females; in Ireland, 2,317,076 males 

 and 2,389,086 females. 



The density of population of England and 

 Wales, with an area of 58,186 square miles and 

 29,001,018 inhabitants, is 498 per square mile, as 

 compared with 446 in 1881, 390 in 1871, 308 in 

 1851, 139 in 1831. and 175 in 1811. The urban 

 population of England and Wales constitutes 

 71*7 per cent, of the total, and the rural popula- 

 tion 28'3 per cent. There are 6 towns of up- 

 ward of 250,009 inhabitants, containing to- 

 gether 22 per cent, of the whole population of 

 England and Wales ; 18 others with over 100,- 

 000, which contain 9'6 per cent. ; 38 others with 

 between 50,000 and 100,000, which contain 9 per 

 cent. ; and 298 with over 10,000, which contain 

 20 - 9 per cent. The population of the metropolis 

 of London in 1891 was 4,211,056, showing an in- 

 crease of 10 - 4 per cent, since the last census. In 

 the central area, containing 1,022,529 poople, 

 there was a decrease of 7'2 per cent., but in the 

 rest of the inner ring or registration district the 

 population increased by 17'5 per cent. The 

 outer ring contained 1,422,276 inhabitants, mak- 

 ing the population of what is called Greater 

 London, 5,633,332, showing an increase of 18'2 

 per cent., a less rate than in the preceding dec- 

 ade, when the growth was 22'7 per cent. 



In Scotland, which has an area of 30,417 square 

 miles, the density of population is 132, as com- 

 pared with 100 in 1861, and <30 in 1811. There 

 are 4 towns of over 250,000 inhabitants, in which 

 is found 27' 1 per cent, of the total population, 

 while 16-4 per cent, lives in 25 more towns hav- 

 ing upward of 10,000 inhabitants. 



Ireland, with an area of 32,531 square miles, 

 has 144 inhabitants to the square mile, as com- 

 pared with 159 in 1881, 178 in 1861, and 239 in 

 1831. In Leinster the population decreased 6'5 

 per cent, during the last decade; in Munster, 

 12'2 per cent. ; in Ulster, 7*2 per cent. ; in Con- 

 naught, ll - 9 per cent. The urban population is 

 17'9 per cent, of the whole, 10 4 8 per cent, being 

 contained in 2 towns of over 100,000 inhabitants, 

 Dublin and Belfast. 



The number of marriages in England and 

 Wales in 1890 was 223,028; of births. 869,937; 

 of deaths, 562,248 ; excess of births over deaths, 

 327,689. In Scotland the number of marriages 

 was 27,441 ; of births, 121.530; of deaths, 78,978; 

 excess of births, 42.552. In Ireland the mar- 

 riages were 20,866 in number; births, 105,343; 

 deaths, 86,165; excess of births, 19,178. 



Between 1853 and 1890 the number of emi- 

 grants of British or Irish origin was 7,121,966, of 

 whom 4,739,547 went to the United States. Of 

 the latter, 2,341,845 were Irish, 2,019,743 English 

 or Welsh, and 377,959 Scotch. The number of 

 persons, natives and foreigners, who emigrated 

 from the United Kingdom in 1891 was 334.451, 

 of whom 252,171 were bound for the United 

 States, 33,791 for British America, and 19,714 

 for Australasian colonies. The number of Brit- 

 ish and Irish emigrants in 1891 was 218,263, of 

 whom 137,658 were English, 58,394 Irish, and 

 22,211 Scotch. In 1890 the total number of emi- 

 grants was 315,980, and during the same year 

 there were 155,910 immigrants, making the net 

 emigration 160,070. The total emigration of 

 persons of British nationality was 218,116 in 

 1890, and the net British emigration, deducting 

 109.470 immigrants of British origin, was 108,646. 



The Army. The army estimates voted by 

 Parliament for the year ending March 31, 1892, 

 provide for 7,453 commissioned officers, 993 war- 

 rant officers, 15,886 sergeants, 3,684 musicians, 

 and 125,680 rank and file, making a total of 153,- 

 696, which is 213 more than in the previous year. 

 This is the regular army of the United Kingdom, 

 and does not include the troops drafted from the 

 army to serve in India, and forming the British 

 army in India, which numbered 73,586 in 1892. 

 During the three years that the British soldiers 

 are in the Indian service they are paid and kept 

 by the Indian Government. The hardiest men in 

 the service, after about two years of training at 

 home, are sent out to India, usually at the age 

 of twenty. The home establishment in 1892 

 was made up as follows: General staff, 317 offi- 

 cers, with 286 orderlies; surgeons, veterinarians, 

 chaplains, accountants, etc. ; 1,482 cavalry, in- 

 cluding the Life and Horse Guards. 555 officers, 

 1,36!) noncommissioned officers, trumpeters, etc., 

 and 11,392 rank and file ; Royal Horse Artillery, 

 71 officers, 146 noncommissioned officers, etc., 

 and 1,694 rank and file; Royal Artillery, 770 

 officers, 1,673 noncommissioned officers, etc., and 

 18,635 rank and file ; Royal Engineers, 578 offi- 

 cers, 1,165 noncommissioned officers, etc., and 

 5,301 rank and file ; infantry, including Foot 

 Guards, 2,790 officers, 6,643 noncommissioned 

 officers, etc., and 78,463 rank and file ; Colonial 

 Corps, 171 officers, 360 noncommissioned offi- 

 cers, etc.. and 4,704 rank and file ; Departmental 

 Corps, 123 officers, 839 noncommissioned offi- 

 cers, etc., and 2,653 rank and file ; Army Service 



