GREAT IUMTAIN AND IRELAND. 



319 



Corps, 23? officers, s.">7 nonoommisfloned ofll- 



<-.. and x'.iidi) rank and file; Mall' of yeo- 

 iiianry, nnlilia, and volunteers, I'r.'s ollieers. il.'.".i'J 

 noncommissioned officers, etc., and 10 rank and 

 lilt-; Royal .Military Academy at WonlwicM, 

 Military Collide at Sandhurst, Staff Col- 

 lege, instructors in gunnery and musketry, regi- 

 mental schools, and other cstalilishinents, 'J'J! 

 ollieers, I7!i iioiicoimnissioned ollieers, etc., and 

 1-Jt rank and lilo. The total numlxjr of horses 

 \\.MS II. ">:!!. The number of ollicers and men 

 maintained in the Tinted Kingdom in l.s'.ll was 

 104,591, of whom 73,:>N<; were stationed in Eng- 

 land, 27.1(52 in Ireland, and 4,14:5 in Scotland. 

 The force was composed of 12.434 cavalry, \1. '>''''> 

 infantry, 5.H50 engineers, and (!!t,^74 infantry 

 and special corps, with 282 field guns and 13.- 

 304 horses and mules. In Egypt were stationed 

 ;!.-.MD IJrit ish troops, with 253 horses and mules. 

 In the colonies there were 28,661) officers and 

 men, with ('!(> horses and mules. There were 

 1,808 officers and men on passage, and in India 

 the Mritish forces numbered 72,196, with 318 field 

 guns and 11,845 horses and mules: making the 

 total strength of the active army 210,499, with 

 25,5 1 * horses and mules and (i()0 field guns. The 

 reserves and auxiliary forces are of four classes. 

 The first class of the army reserve in 1892 had 

 V.i. -.'so effectives; the second class, 953 ; the mi- 

 litia. 1 14,032 ; the yeomanry, 10,380 : and the vol- 

 unteers, 221,048. Adding theee numbers to the 

 effectives returned for the home and colonial 

 forces and the Indian establishments, the fight- 

 ing strength of the nation is found to be 01<5.(il'2 

 men of all ranks. The regular army on Jan. 1, 

 1891, was made up of 152,018 Englishmen, 27,786 

 Irishmen, 16,412 Scotchmen, 5,330 natives of the 

 colonies and India, and 570 others. 



The Navy. There were 285 naval vessels in 

 commission on Nov. 1, 1891, compared with 278 

 twelve months before. There were 17 first-class 

 liattle ships, an addition of 1 ; 8 second- and 3 

 third-class battle ships, 1 having gone out of 

 commission ; 2 coast-defense ships, 1 more than 

 in the previous year; ID first-class cruisers. 1 

 having been added; 41 unarmored or seeond- 

 and third-class cruisers, an addition of 3; 1 tor- 

 pedo ram; 15 sloops, 2 less; 7 gun vessels, 1 

 54 gunboats; 17 special-service vessels; 2 

 dispatch ships ; 7 troop and store ships; 4 Indian 

 troopships; 4 royal yachts ; 8 surveying vessels; 

 15" torpedo boats, an addition of 3;" 9 other un- 

 armored steamers; 6 training brigs; 18 coast- 

 guard tenders or revenue cruisers; 2 other sail- 

 ing vessels; and 35 hulks and stationary vessels, 

 The armor-clad fleet in 1889 consisted 'of 62 ef- 

 fective ships, of which 17 were first- and 15 sec- 

 ond-class battle ships, (i battle ships unclassified, 

 12 coast-defense ships, and 12 first-class cruisers. 

 The programme of construction to be completed 

 in 1894 will add 13 great battle ships of ihe fir.-t 

 ela-s and '2 second-class battle ships. The pro- 

 tected vessels in iss!( were ID second- and 18 

 third-class cruisers and 1 torpedo ram. These 

 will be re-enforced by 1 1 first -class deck-armored 

 crui-ers. 41 second- and (i third-class cruisers. and 

 1 torpedo depot ship. The unprotected ve els 

 in 1SS!) numbered 2S-.2, comprising !(> second- 

 class cruisers, 1 corvette, 1? sloops, s gun vessels, 

 ID torpedo cruisers, 4 torpedo gunboats, 02 gun- 

 boats, 80 first- and ul second-class torpedo boats, 



'J dispatch vessels. 1 J special-service ships, 1 t. r- 

 jiedo depot ship, and 22 miscellaneous vessels. 

 The programme of construction contemplates the 

 addition of 'J steam sloops. 'J7 torpedo gunlmuts, 

 9 gunboats, and ( first- and ID second-class tor- 

 pedo boats. The cost of the projected additions 

 to the na\y was calculated at .i^J.liW.DOO. I . 

 1,546,000 !'"i' the completion of vessels under 

 construction. The total number of vox-Is in the 

 ii.-ivy will be increased from 373 in l*Mi 

 in 1894, and the addition will amount to more 

 than the difference, because vesstls of obsolete 

 type are to be removed from the navy list. The 

 vessels on foreign service in is'Jl numbered 140, 

 of which 30 were in the Mediterranean and the 

 Red Sea, 8 comprised the channel scpiadron, 11 

 were stationed in North America and the \Ve~t 

 Indies, 9 were on the Kast Indian and 20 on tin- 

 China station, 14 were at the Cape of (Jood Hope 

 and on the west coast of Africa, 4 on the south- 

 east coast. 8 in the Pacific, 15 on the Australian 

 station, 10 on particular service. 7 surveying, and 

 4 constituted the training squadron. The new 

 monster ironclads are designed to carry the heavi- 

 est guns and armor used, and at the same lime 

 to be very manageable and to have room for 

 sufficient coal for very long cruises. Of the com- 

 pleted vessels of this class the chief till 1891 was 

 the " Inflexible " turret ship, built at Portsmouth 

 in 1876. She is 320 feet, long and 75 broad, and 

 carries 3,275 tons of armor. The central citadel 

 is 110 feet long and 15^ feet high, 64 feet being 

 below the water line. Protected by from 16 to 

 24 inches of armor, strongly backed with teak, 

 are the engines, boilers, and hydraulic loading 

 gear, and in the center of the rectangular citadel 

 are the two revolving turrets, 28 feet in diameter 

 and 9 feet high, each holding 2 80-ton guns. 

 During 1890 there were launched 7 deck-protect- 

 ed cruisers, 8 cruisers partly deck-protected, 1 

 torpedo vessel, and 2 coast-defense ships; and in 

 1891 were launched 2 steel armor-clad barbette 

 ships, of 14,150 tons displacement each, 5 deck- 

 protected cruisers, 8 partially protected cruisers, 

 8 gun and torpedo vessels, and 10 second-class 

 torpedo boats. The " Trafalgar" and the " Nile," 

 launched in 1887 and 1888, exceed the ' Inflexi- 

 ble" in size, weight of armor, and engine power, 

 havinga displacement of 11,940 tons, and engines 

 of 15,000 indicated horse power, with side armor 

 20 inches thick at the water line. These sister 

 ships are armed with 4 67-ton guns eneh. with a 

 complete auxiliary armament. The -Sans Pa- 

 reU and "Victoria." launched in 1K^7. ha\c is 

 inches of side armor, a displacement of 10,400 

 tons, and engines of 12.000 horse power, and 

 carry 2 111-ton guns each, besides 1 2!M>n and 

 125-ton guns. The " Roval Sovereign'' is an 

 example of the heaviest class of tin- new guns. 

 She was laid down at Portsmouth <>n Sept. 3D. 

 ISSD. and launched on Feb. 2C.. 1M>1. She tins a 

 displacement of 14.15D im-. Her engiius un- 

 designed to develop 1 :!.<)<.< horse i>owcr and to 

 show a speed of 17A knots. Like tin- others, -he 

 has a steel hull. "The Vlt of armor, varying 

 from IX to 14 inches in thickness, extends -J.YJ 

 feet amidships, and weighs I.DiMi tons. The two 

 pear-shaped barbettes, prom-ted by 17-inch ur- 

 mor. are 54 feet in length. In these are mounted 

 4 67-ton guns, while 4 100-poimder quick-filing 

 guns are carried in as many stecl-armorvd 



