320 



GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



mates. The aggregate armor weighs 4,500 tons. 

 The 6-inch quick-firing guns number 6 in all, 

 besides which there are 16 6-pounders. 4 3-pound- 

 ers, and 8 Nordenfeldts, and 10 tubes for 18-inch 

 torpedoes. On the same model as the " Royal 

 Sovereign " are being built the " Renown," " Re- 

 pulse," " Ramillies," " Resolution," " Revenge," 

 and " Royal Oak." 



The personnel of the British navy, according 

 to the navy estimates for 1891-'92, comprised 

 44.764 seamen, including 14 flag officers and 

 2,690 commissioned officers in active service ; 

 7,149 boys, including 1,050 in training; 13,879 

 marines afloat and ashore : 4,200 coast guards ; 

 and 1,038 officers for various services ; making a 

 total of 71,000 of all ranks. There were 21,445 

 officers and men of the royal navy reserves, 3,010 

 of the marine pensioner reserves, and 2,000 naval 

 artillery volunteers. 



Finances. The revenue of the Government 

 for the year ending March 31, 1891, amounted to 

 89,489412, which was 1.879,112 more than 

 the budget estimate; and the expenditure was 

 87,732,855, exceeding the estimate by 355,855. 

 In the receipts are not included extra receipts 

 for the army and navy or contributions from 

 India to military charges. The expenditure as 

 stated includes 2,009,958 incurred in connection 

 with the conversion of the debt. Nearly five 

 sixths of the revenue are derived from taxation, 

 including excise, customs, and stamp duties, and 

 the income and property taxes, the land tax, and 

 the house duty. The excise receipts were 29,- 

 178,468, of which 15,474,288 came from spirits, 

 9,781,397 from beer, 3,590,187 from licenses, 

 324,117 from railroads, and 8,479 from other 

 sources. The customs revenue amounted to 

 19,753,907, of which 9.536,234 were collected 

 on tobacco, 3,418,562 on tea, 2,420.630 on rum, 

 1,408,103 on brandy, 1,318,162 on wine, 869,- 

 537 on spirits other than rum and brandy, 182,- 

 006 on coffee, 156,893 on raisins, 118,334 on 

 dried currants, and 325,440 on other articles. 

 The total receipts from stamps, excluding fee 

 stamps, was 15,827,498, of which 4,827,337 

 represent the probate duty, 2,661,724 stamps on 

 deeds, 2,626,016 the legacy duty. 1,209.227 the 

 succession duty, 1,125,620 the estate duty on 

 personalty, 754,693 stamps on bills of exchange, 

 225,701 stamps on patent medicines. 147,948 

 marine-insurance stamps, 162,729 stamps on 

 licenses, 68,758 the estate duty on realty, and 

 906,117 other stamp duties. The income and 

 property tax produced 13,143,932 ; the house 

 duty, 1,526,763; the land tax, 1,025,764. The 

 receipts from the post office amounted to 9,- 

 843,269 ; from the telegraph service, 2,394,579 ; 

 from crown lands, 428,616 ; from fee stamps, 

 809,860; from the Bank of England, 163,754; 

 from the post-office savings banks, 36,050 ; from 

 the civil departments, 1,588,679 ; from the 

 revenue departments, 129,684; interest on 

 Suez Canal shares, 241,935 ; receipts from other 

 sources, 251,150; total receipts for the year, 

 96,343,908, of which 89,489,112 were actually 

 taken in at the exchequer up to March 31. 



The expenditure, on account of the consoli- 

 dated fund services in 1890-'9l, amounted to 

 28,478,103. of which 25,000.000 were for in- 

 terest and sinking fund of the debt, 501,473 for 

 judicial salaries, 410,000 for the civil list, 349,- 



833 for annuities and pensions, 88,877 for salaries 

 and allowances, 1,428,571 for the naval defense 

 fund. 492,789 for various other purposes, and 

 207,000 on Suez Canal bonds, etc. Of the debt 

 charges, 15,998,486 were for interest on the 

 funded debt, 6,549,871 for terminable annuities, 

 988,089 for interest on the unfunded debt, 

 191,912 for management of the debt, and 1,- 

 271,642 for the new sinking fund. The expendi- 

 ture for the army was 17,560,023 ; on the navy, 

 14,125,358 ; on civil services, 16,040,131 ; on 

 the customs and inland revenue, 2,643,447 ; on 

 the post office, 5,682,562 ; on the telegraph 

 service, 2,272,000 ; on the packet service, 706,- 

 230; total expenditure on the supply services, 

 59,029,751, not including an additional expendi- 

 ture of 225,000 for military barracks. 



The budget estimate of revenue for 1891-'92 

 was 90,430,000 and the estimated expenditure 

 90,264,000, including 1,882,000 of additional 

 or extraordinary expenditures, of which 500,- 

 000 are for barrack construction, 920,000 for 

 education, and 400,000 for recoining the gold. 



Of the total revenue from taxation in 1890-'91, 

 amounting to 73,578,000, England and Wales 

 contributed 58.398,196; Scotland, 8,179,348; 

 and Ireland, 6,660,456 the taxes paid per capita 

 being at the rate of $9.80 in England, $9.86 in 

 Scotland, and $6.88 in Ireland. The income tax 

 is collected only on incomes of 150 and above ; 

 and when they fall below 400 exemption is 

 allowed for 120 of their amount. One half the 

 probate duty, amounting to 2,413,668 in 1891, 

 as well as 3,359,783 of license money, and ad- 

 ditional beer and spirit duties amounting to 1,- 

 300,471, making a total of 7,073,876, was as- 

 signed by various acts passed between 1888 and 

 1890 to the relief of local rates. Of this, 6,974,- 

 412 were paid over during the year to the local 

 authorities, of which England got 5,947,613, 

 Scotland 700,938, and Ireland 325,861. The 

 balance in the exchequer on March 31, 1891, was 

 6.370,897. 



The receipts of the local governing bodies for 

 1889 amounted to 67,526,977, of which 40,- 

 751,266 were raised by rates, 7,186,096 by tolls, 

 etc., 8,706,040 by loans, 5.488.845 were con- 

 tributed by the Government, and 5,424,770 came 

 from rents, sales of property, and other sources. 

 Of the total, 55,416,658 were raised in England 

 and Wales, 7,634,648 in Scotland, and 4,475.- 

 671 in Ireland. The urban sanitary rates in 

 England alone amounted to 7,631.043, the poor 

 rates to 8.355,973, the school-board rates to 2,- 

 631,344. The expenditure for the United King- 

 dom was 66,589.916, of which 54.741,275 was 

 in England and Wales, 7,371,537 in Scotland, 

 and 4,477,104 in Ireland. The total expendi- 

 ture in the United Kingdom for poor relief was 

 10,315.672 ; for sanitary and other public works, 

 32,582,947 ; for board schools, 6,774.896. 



The gross liabilities of the state on March 31, 

 1891, amounted to 685,954,018, from which are 

 to be deducted sundry assets amounting to 5,- 

 272.437, leaving the net total indebtedness 680,- 

 681.581. The amount of the funded debt was 

 379.472,082 ; the capital value of the terminable 

 annuities, 68,458,798 ; the unfunded debt, 36,- 

 140,079 ; other capital liabilities, including the 

 Russian Dutch loan, deficiency of savings banks 

 and friendly societies, and 797,780 of liabilities 



