GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. 



82. r > 



confidence in Her Majesty's ministers. In (ho 

 which followed, Mr. (ioschcii contended 

 llml tin- London. \\elsli.and runil programmes 

 klso before the electors, and declared that. 

 :iioiu>t party would continue the struggle 

 i hoinc rule, while the statesman who 

 dciiouni ed I he "march through rapine to dis- 

 integration " was going to place himself, sword 

 in hand, at its head. Sir. Mit arthy condemned 

 I he Irish policy of the Government, on the 



S -on nd of perpetual coercion, and wanted the 

 nine- rule uill kept in the foreground of Lib- 

 eral legislation. Mr. Redmond hoped that the 

 uneasiness felt by the Irish people would be dis- 

 pelled by the Opposition, and declared as the 

 be>t settlement a Parliament on the Hues of 

 that proposed bv Mr. Parnell in his speech of 

 Jan. 25, 1891. They demanded in the home- 

 rule scheme a clause that, while the Irish Par- 

 liament existed, the power of the imperial Par- 

 liament should never be used, and that the veto 

 of the Crown should be exercised only with the 

 advice of I he lri>h e\ccuii\e. Both Mr. Hcd- 

 moiul and Mr. McCarthy demanded immediate 

 measures for the reinstatement of evicted ten- 

 ants ami the release of political prisoners. Mr. 

 (iladstone. who censured the mode of procedure 

 followed by the Government, declared the Irish 

 question was almost the last link that bound 

 him to public life. Mr. Hal four inquired, if the 

 present (iovernment was in a minority, who was 

 in a majority, as the Opposition was in three 

 sections with different leaders, and held that, if 

 social and domestic legislation were to be dealt 

 with, it must be done by the Unionists. 



Colonies. The expenditure of the Imperial 

 (!o\ernment in connection with the colonies, ex- 

 clusive of India, amounts to about 2,000,(KK), 

 mainly for military and naval purposes. The 

 colonies contributed 252,250 toward military 

 expenditure in ]S!)l-'92. the Straits Settle- 

 ments giving 100,000; Ceylon, 72.500: Hong- 

 Kong, 40,000; Mauritius, 80,760; Malta. 5,- 

 (HMl; and Natal, 4,000. The British troops in 

 the colonies in 1891 -'92 numbered 82,050 men, 

 rank and (He. 8,809 being stationed in Malta, 

 :..J1I in Gibraltar, 8,817 in South Africa, 2.234 

 in Bermuda, 1,465 in Ceylon, 1,337 in the Wind- 

 ward and Leeward Islands, 1,494 in Halifax, 

 '..VMIS in Hong-Kong, 1,511 in .Jamaica, 1,588 in 

 the Straits Settlements* 880 in Mauritius. 958 in 

 West Africa. "i.VI in Cyprus, 155 in St. Helena, 

 and 111 in the Bahamas. There were, besides, 

 7','. )!Ki in India and :!.i:!l in Kgypt. Gibraltar 

 had a population, in 1891, of 25,755. including a 

 garrison of 5,85)0 men. Gen. Sir Lothian Nich- 

 olson was (iovcrin-r in IS'.U. The local revenue 

 in IS'lOwas LV,v?..|01 : the expenditure, i'.V.l.ti i:> : 

 the military expenditure of the Imperial Gov- 

 ernment, L'OCi.siHi. Malta, with an area of 95 

 sipiare miles, had an estimated population in 

 I viu ,,| HM.WW. including '-V-'T-l Knglish and 

 l.ll'.l foreigners. Gen. Sir Henry Augustus 

 Smvth is the present Governor. The :w. nm- in 

 IS'.ii) was l"J<il.:>54,and the expenditure 200,900. 



Cyprus, with an area of 8,584 square miles, 

 had" a population, in IS'.M. of 'JO!), 1 , 1 !!!, of whom 

 100,887 were males and 102,404 were females. 

 The Mohammedans number 48,044] the rest be- 

 long mostly to the Greek Church. The island is 

 administered by a High Commissioner, an office 



held bv Sir Henry Krnest Bulwer, who was ap- 

 |x>inted in 18*0. ' Then' is a Legislature of 18 

 members. (I l.cing ollicchnlders and 12 i !< 

 8 by Mohammedan and '.' by non-Mohainineduii 

 voters. The revenue for l^iio "!1 was 1194,986, 

 the expenditure 107,689. The export- f-r the 

 same period, consisting mostly of grain, carobs, 

 cotton, and the products ! the \ine. , 

 'id the ini|>orts 871,077. 



Aden, an important coaling station on the 

 Sue/. Canal route to the east, with un area of 70 

 square miles, and iVrim. a small inland at the 

 entrance to the Red Sea, had a population, in 

 1891, of 41,910. The Government i.s adminis- 

 tered by a political resident, who is also com- 

 mander of the troops, and is subject to tin 

 eminent of Bombay. Coffee, gums, skins, cloth, 

 and tobacco, the produce of the interior of Ara- 

 bia, are the chief exports. The Somali Coast 

 Protectorate, with an ana of 80,000 square 

 miles and a population of 240,000, the island 

 of Socotra, with an area of 1,882 square miles 

 and a populat ion of 10,000, and the Kuria Muria 

 Islands, are attached to Aden. 



The Bahrein Islands, which have a population 

 of over 10,000. and were taken under British pro- 

 tection in 1807, and again in 1870, have as their 

 sovereign Sheikh Ksau. The export of pearls, 

 the main industry, amounted to 8,876,000 rupees. 

 A. C. Talbot is the political resident. 



Ceylon has an area of 25,304 square miles, 

 and a population, at the census of 1891, of 8,- 

 OOS.239. Of this, the Singhalese form about two 

 thirds and the Tamils one fourth, and the re- 

 mainder are Moormen, or descendai ts of Arabs, 

 Eurasians and Burghers, Malays, British and 

 other Europeans, Veddahs, apd others. The 

 Governor is assisted by an Executive Council of 

 5 members, composed of the commander of the, 

 troops and the leading civil officers, and a Legis- 

 lative Council which includes the members of 

 the Executive Council, 4 other officials, and 8 

 appointed members. Sir Arthur Klibank Have- 

 lock, appointed in IS'.M). is the present Governor. 

 The revenue for 1891 was 1' rupees, and 



the expenditure 15.310,224 rupees. The public 

 debt at the end of 1890 wa - and 845,- 



401 rupees. A little less than one eighth of the 

 total area of the island is under cultivation. In 

 1890, 000,009 acres were under rice and other 

 grains, 235,794 under tea, (4!>,S(!ii under cocoa- 

 nuis. 00,530 under coffee, 89.587 under cinchona, 

 40,830 under cinnamon, 15.890 under cacao, and 

 !..">!:> under tobacco. There were 718 plumlmgo 

 mines worked ; n 1890. The value of the exports 

 in 1N!K) was 61,127839 nipees, and of the im- 

 ports 03,091.938 rupees. The export of tea 

 was 22,899,7.')!) rupees; ,,f ...coanut products, 

 ',::> rupees; coffee, 5,741,838 rupees; plum- 

 bago. 3.925.770 rupees; cinchona, I.<ir3.-l'.i7 ru- 

 pees; areca nuts. 1. on 1,083 rupees. The export* 

 of tea show an increase of about one thin! over 

 those of 1889, and those of coffee also show a 

 slight incr 



The, S: rail s Set t lements embrace Singa[>ore, Pe- 

 nang. including Penang Island, Province Welles- 

 ley and the Dindings. Malacca, and the Cocos 

 Islands and Christmas |s],.nd. The total popu- 

 lation in 1891 was 506.577. distributed as fol- 

 lows: Singapore, l^J.050; Penang, 282.977 ; and 

 Malacca, 90,950. The Chinese outnumber the 



