328 



GREECE. 



including the protectorate on the mainland, of 

 1,071 square miles, and a population of about 

 100,000. The revenue in 1890 was 56,341, and 

 the expenditure 63,701. The exports were 

 595,193, and the imports 500,827 in 1890. 



Jebu, one of the interior countries of the colony 

 of Lagos, forms a frontier along the lagoon giv- 

 ing access to the port of Lagos, and the main 

 roads from a large portion of the rich Hinter- 

 land of Xorubaland pass through its territory. 

 The inhabitants are a large and powerful tribe, 

 with considerable quantities of arms and ammu- 

 nition, and have been in the habit of levying toll 

 on all produce passing through their country. 

 The Government for thirty years had ineffectu- 

 ally endeavored to break down this policy. The 

 new Governor, Mr. G. T. Carter, shortly after his 

 arrival, was instructed to send an ultimatum to 

 the King demanding an apology for an insult 

 offered to Capt. Denton, the acting Governor, 

 who visited Jebu on a friendly mission, and in- 

 sisting that the roads through the country should 

 be free. The Jebu representatives arrived in 

 Lagos on Jan. 14, 1892, and on Jan. 21 a treaty 

 was signed, in which they agreed to keep the 

 roads open without exacting toll, the King re- 

 ceiving in compensation 500 a year from the 

 Government. Within six weeks the roads were 

 again blockaded, and the Governor, failing to 

 effect a settlement, found it necessary to take 

 more stringent measures. Owing to the weak- 

 ness of the British forces in Lagos, it was not 

 until after the arrival of West India troops that 

 the punitive expedition, under the command of 

 Col. P. C. Scott, embarked at Lagos for Epe, an 

 important town on the north side of the lagoon, 

 peopled partly by Jebus. They left Epe on May 

 16 for Jebu Ode, the capital, and on that day 

 succeeded in occupying the village of Pobo after 

 a stubborn resistance. Eridu was taken on the 

 17th. The Jebus made their final stand on the 

 19th, at the Limoyi stream near Mogden, with an 

 army of over 7,000 men, but were routed, the 

 Maxim gun working great havoc in their ranks. 

 On May 20 Jebu Ode was occupied and the 

 King and his followers made prisoners. A fly- 

 ing column was dispatched to Oru, a village to 

 the northeast of Jebu Ode, and the Jebus them- 

 selves were made to destroy the toll gates, and 

 the roads into the Ibadan and Xoruba countries 

 were opened. 



GREECE, a constitutional monarchy in south- 

 eastern Europe. The Constitution of 1864 vests 

 the whole legislative power in a single chamber 

 of representatives, called the Boule, elected for 

 four years by universal suffrage. By a law 

 passed in 1886 the number of Deputies was re- 

 duced to 150. Every candidate must have the 

 approval of at least one thirtieth of the voters 

 of his district. The Boule meets annually for 

 not less than three nor more than six months. 

 Every bill must be discussed and voted, article 

 by article, three times on separate days. The 

 Constitution can not be reviewed by the Boule 

 with the exception of the electoral laws and 

 certain other provisions, which may be revised 

 after every ten years. The reigning King is 

 Georgios I, born Dec. 24, 1845. He was elected 

 King of the Hellenes by the National Assembly 

 at Athens on March 18, 1863, and accepted the 

 crown through his father, the present King of 



Denmark. The heir-apparent is Prince Kon- 

 stantinos, Duke of Sparta, born Aug. 2, 1868, 

 who married Princess Sophie of Prussia, sister 

 of the German Emperor, on Oct. 27, 1889. The 

 executive is vested in the King and his respon- 

 sible ministers. At the beginning of the year 

 1892 the Cabinet was composed of the following 

 members: President of the Council, Minister of 

 War, and Minister of Finance, P. T. Delyannis; 

 Minister of Foreign Affairs, L. Deligeorges; 

 Minister of the Interior and of Justice, A. T. 

 Zaimis; Minister of Worship and Public In- 

 struction, A. Gherokostopoulos ; Minister of 

 Marine, C. A. Koumoundouros. 



Area and Population. Greece has an area 

 of 25,041 square miles, and a population, accord- 

 ing to the census of 1889, of 2,187.208 people, 

 1,133,625 of whom are males and 1,053,583 fe- 

 males. The following are the chief occupations 

 of the people and the percentage employed 

 therein in Greece and the Ionian Islands : Ag- 

 riculture, 40 per cent. ; shepherds, 9 per cent. : 

 industries, 6'37 per cent. ; servants, 7'75 per 

 cent. ; laborers, 8'11 per cent. ; commerce, 6-37 

 percent.; proprietors, 6*10 per cent.; seafaring, 

 3-05 per cent. ; army and navy, 4'86 per cent. ; 

 priests, 1-50 percent. In the provinces ceded to 

 Greece by Turkey in 1881 the proportion is : Ag- 

 riculture, 41'95 per cent. ; laborers, 12'32 per 

 cent. ; industries, 10'21 per cent. ; shepherds, 

 8*18 per cent. ; servants, 7'24 per cent. ; com- 

 merce, 6'47 per cent. ; priests, 1-61 per cent. 



Finances. The revenue for 1891 was 96,541,- 

 462 drachmai or francs, and the expenditure 100,- 

 411,479 drachmai. The deficits of 1885 and 1886, 

 120,000,000 drachmai, made the reissue of a 

 forced paper currency necessary. A loan of 185,- 

 000,000 drachmai was raised to cover the defi- 

 cits for the years 1887 and 1888, secured by the 

 produce of the Government monopolies of salt, 

 petroleum, matches, and other articles. During 

 the four years 1888-'91 the extraordinary re- 

 ceipts, which are composed of the proceeds of 

 loans, amounted to 159,542,006 drachmai, and 

 the extraordinary expenditures to 187.460,890 

 drachmai, including 87,548,838 drachmai for re- 

 demption and consolidation of debt, 75,183,622 

 drachmai for construction of railways, and 21,- 

 513,066 drachmai for naval construction. The 

 funded debt amounted in 1891 to 601,392,500 

 drachmai, while the unfunded or floating debt 

 amounted to 103,000,000 drachmai. The annual 

 interest and sinking fund of the funded debt 

 amounted to 26,849.587 drachmai, and the inter- 

 est on the floating debt to 2,090,000 drachmai. 

 Other charges of 7,049,000 drachmai brought up 

 the total charge to 35,988,587 drachmai, against 

 36,979,632 drachmai in 1888. In June, 1890, a 

 loan of 89,875,000 drachmai was raised, bearing 

 5 per cent, interest. Part of this loan was used 

 for paying off the 1879 independence loan, which 

 had a heavy sinking fund ; the remainder is used 

 for the construction of railroads. 



After the overthrow of the Delyannis admin- 

 istration the new Premier, Tricoupis, introduced 

 the budget for 1892 on July 7. The estimated 

 receipts amounted to 103,550,792 drachmai, the 

 expenditures to 99,986,128 drachmai, showing a 

 surplus of 3,564,664 drachmai. Tricoupis's budget 

 will not be applicable until the second half of the 

 financial year, as up to that time the Delyannis 



