ITALY. 



361 



Culi < k-protected cruisers of the second class, and 

 r> torpedo CHUM T-. The toial of all ranks for 

 thenav) a> ;n.;;23, and ns'j officers and 48,608 



Illl'll COll>titUtcd lIlC IVMTVe. 



( ommcm'. The special imports in isno 

 amounted to l.:M!Ui38,433 liiv, mill the sp>- -ial 

 exports to Ml."),'.) I.VJ.'i:! lire. Tin- imports and cx- 

 "t precious metals were ,~>;,<>4H,000 and 00,- 

 ti.Vi.KH) lire respect ivcly. Tin- \aluc.-, of some of 

 the leading imports in 1890 were as follow: 

 Grain, rj.V.i'.i;. '<)<) lire; raw cotton, 127,li;!.:>00 

 liiv; coal. rjl, It:;.").? Hi lire; machinery, 39,414,- 

 2>0 lire: silk, unbleached, raw, or twisted, 35,- 

 .YVI.NHI lire; miTee, 32,100.180 lire; raw sugar, 

 :;i,17s.<>:;:> lire; ivlined sugar. 984,735 lire; tim- 

 i.er for building. 30,S54,845 lire; fish, 30,415,030 

 lire; raw hides. '-'I I. :W 7,935 lire; raw wool, 27,- 

 ll'.i.nno lire; animals, 22,109,400 lire; iron, in 

 1-ar-. 17,.V.>0,841 lire; leaf tobacco, 15,714,029 

 lire; refined mineral oil, 14,947,422 lire; cotton 

 prints. 14,170,015 lire; bleached cotton cloth, 

 O.T'-.'n.ds;; lire; colored and dyed cotton cloth, 

 4.'J7 1.238 lire; linen and hemp yarn, 14,030,012 

 lire; cheese, 13,541,500 lire; manufactures of 

 silk. 11.331,601 lire; cotton yarn, 8,014.311 lire. 

 The values of some of the leading exports in the 

 same year were as follow : Raw and thrown silk, 

 868,714,900 lire; silk waste, 27,002,805 lire; 

 silk manufactures, 15,568,514 lire ; silk cocoons, 

 4.141,410 lire; fresh fruit, 47,372.022 lire; olive 

 oil. 45,372,022 lire; wine in casks, 34,304.420 

 lire; sulphur, 20,290,648 lire: hemp and flax, 

 j:>X:>>. ISO lire; raw cotton, 22,648,625 lire: eirgs, 

 l!i.s7o.7<;o lire; manufactured coral, 15,22 ?.-Jso 

 lire; marble, 15,169.076 lire; skins, 14,073.110 

 lire; fresh and salted meats, 11.262,660 lire; 

 zinc ore, 10,498,670 lire ; grain, other than wheat, 

 10,449,159 lire. 



The following table shows the trade with the 

 leading countries, in lire, for the year 1890: 



Navigation. On Jan. 1, 1891, the mercantile 

 marine numbered in all 6,732 vessels, of 820,776 

 tons. Of this number, 6,442 were sailing vessels, 

 with a tonnage of (!:!4.209 tons, and 290 were 

 steamers, of 186,567 tons. In 1890, 121,782 ves- 

 sels, of 22,459,473 tons, entered Italian ports ; 

 1 1 l.r.H6 vessels, of 14,010,901 tons, were Italian, 

 and 10,140 vessels, of 7,848,512 tons, were foreign. 

 Then- cleared from Italian ports 120,720 vessels, 

 of 22.301.704 tons, of which 110.790, of 14,525.- 

 149 tons, were Italian, and 9,930, of 7,77(1..'.:).-. 



Inns, were foreign. 



Posts and Telegraphs. The number of let- 

 ters sent through the post office during the year 

 ending June 30, 1890, was 125,155,000, of which 

 100,751 were registered, with declaration of val- 

 ue; of postal cards. 4<>.475,000; of circulars and 

 printed matter, 176,839,000 ; of postal orders, 5,- 



648,000. The receipts for the year were 45,420,- 

 000 lire, and the expenditure* 89,240,000 lire. 



On July 1. 1*1)0, the. length of the telegraph 

 lines was 30.209 kilometre-, and the length of 

 the wires 134,305 kilometres. During the year 

 ending June lilt, 1N90, there were dispatched 

 7,342,188 inland telegrams, and there \M-I. 

 and received from abroad 1,501,053 telegram*. 



Cabinet Crises. The financial question wa* 

 the cause of the resignation of the Cabinet. The 

 dilliculty was as to how the deficit in the new 

 budget was to be covered. Signor Colombo, the 

 Minister of Finance, insisted that the extraor- 

 dinary expenditures for the War Department 

 should be cut down, and would not hear of new 

 taxes or economies. The Minister of War de- 

 clared that it was impossible to reduce the ex- 

 penditures on the army, and, as no agreement 

 could be reached, Prime Minister di Kudini 

 tendered the resignation of the whole Cabinet 

 on April 14, 1892. The King immediately 

 charged him with the reconstruction of the Cab- 

 inet, but after long deliberations the ministers 

 were convinced that the deficit should not be 

 covered by retrenchments in the military de- 

 partment, and the old ministry was prevailed 

 upon to stay, with the exception of the Minister 

 of Finance, who resigned, and whose place was 

 filled temporarily by Signor Luzatti, Minister 

 of the Treasury. On the reopening of the Cham- 

 ber of Deputies, on May 4, 1892, Premier di 

 Kudini explained the ministerial crisis, and an- 

 nounced that the deficit would be partially cov- 

 ered by slight economies in the estimates for the 

 War Department, and that bills would be intro- 

 duced for selling national property, for estab- 

 lishment of a credit for the railroad treasury, 

 and for establishing a monopoly on matches. 

 After two days of hot and exciting debates a 

 motion of confidence in the Cabinet regarding 

 these statements was put, and was defeated by 

 a vote of 193 to 185. Premier di Kudini then 

 tendered the resignation of the members of his 

 Cabinet, which was accepted by the King on 

 May 6, and Signor Giolitti was charged with 

 the formation of a new Cabinet. After a long 

 delay the new ministers were announced to be 

 the following: Premier, Minister of the Inte- 

 rior, and Secretary of the Treasury ad interim. 

 Signor Giolitti; Minister for Foreign Affairs, 

 Signor Brin ; Minister of Justice. Signor Bo- 

 nacci; Minister of Finance, Signor Ellena; Min- 

 ister of War, Gen. Pelloux ; Minister of Marine, 

 Admiral Racoret de St. Bon : Minister of Public 

 Works. Signor Genala; Minister of Agricul- 

 ture, Signor Lacava ; Minister of Public Instruc- 

 tion, Signor Martini; Minister of Posts and 

 Telegraphs, Signor Finocchiaro Aprile. 



The Chamber, which had been adjourned dur- 

 ing the crisis, met again on May 25. and the 

 new Premier laid before it the programme of the 

 Government, which he said was intended to re- 

 duce the finances to order without imposing 

 fresh burdens, if it was possible. On a motion 

 of confidence in the new Cabinet being asked, 

 the Government was sustained by a vote of 169 

 to 160. Signor Giolitti informed the ChamU-r 

 the next day that the action of the Chamber did 

 not indicate such support as would be needed to 

 carry the ministry >afely through theexistingdif- 

 ficufties, and that the ministers had offered their 



