JKWS. 



.1 I W8. The year's record is largely a recital 

 i- nts connected with the Russian perse- 



-. the continued activity of anti-Semites in 



~ut-Hungary, and France; the 



ii problem; the founding of colonies 



ie; and the slow evolution of 



and organization in connection 



fie settlement of Russian exiles. The pic- 

 :ias its bright colors, however, in the char- 



offorts made in England, Germany. France. 



.sewhere to aid the immigrant* effort! in 



all creeds participated, although the heavi- 

 est share of the burden fell upon the Jews them- 

 selves. In America, despite the claims made by 



vrly arrived immigrants, much interest in 

 religions and educational affairs was manifested. 

 and a marked development along the lines of 

 commercial activity. The building of new syna- 

 gogues, orphan asylums, and hospitals, the 

 founding of an American Jewish historical so- 

 ciety, and the planting of new colonies for the 

 Russians, are gratifying evidences of growth. 



The Russian problem presented a new phase, 

 owing to the outbreak of cholera in Hamburg, 

 with its appearance on incoming steamers from 



-. which produced a partial embargo 

 on immigration from infected ports, and the 

 massing of thousands of intending immigrants 

 in many of the capitals abroad or on the Rus- 

 sian frontiers. Happily the pestilence was 

 checked. In Russia it decimated whole dis- 



but the pale occupied by the Jews was 



wholly free from the disease a striking 

 similarity to the biblical account of the Egyp- 

 tian plagues, which spared the Jewish province 



-hen. 1'nited States commissioners of 



immigration were sent to Europe in 1891 to in- 



. ite the causes that incite immigration to 



uited States, and their report was pub- 

 lished in 1892. Col. Weber and Dr. Kempster 

 gave the history of their experiences in Russia 

 a long, painful record of facts, described without 

 passion or prejudice, but abundantly convincing 

 as to the cruelties practiced in the land of the 

 Czar. The story of the Americans" visit to the 

 Jewish pale, the" incidents of their journey, the 

 yearning expressed for America on the part of 

 the people, Jews and others, the sufferers' hope 

 in America as the land of their salvation, forms 

 material tot a spirit-stirring epic. The publica- 

 tion in book form of Harold Frederic's letters 

 from Russia to the New York " Times " was also a 

 confirmation of the stories of persecution. Early 

 in the year Col. Goldsmid. of London, became 

 director of the Hirs-h colonies in the Argentine, 

 whose condition had grown unsatisfactory. Un- 

 der his management a more effective organiza- 

 tion was established, idlers and malcontents were 

 weeded out, and a gratifying change took place 

 in the character of the colonists and their work. 

 American colonies in charge of the Hirsoh 

 fund in New Jersey and Connecticut, number- 

 ing about 2.500 souls, engaged in farming, dairy- 

 ing, and liL'ht industries, make a satisfactory 

 exhibit. During the year, according to the latest 



f-s. from November, 1891. to Novemtwr. 

 1892. the Jewish steerage immigration to this 

 country rea<-h<>d .VJ.134, of whom 18.815 were 

 * remained in New York, and 

 claimt-il attention from the t'nited He- 

 brew Charities. Of the total number arrived, 



41,456 were Ruarian*. The arrival at other 

 ports did not exceed 6.000 for the period named. 

 Only 79 were returned by the Government a* 



ng within the list of barred caaca. 

 Among incidents of note in the record of the 

 Jews abroad may be mentioned the fiftieth anni- 

 versary of the Reform Synagogue of l>,riin : the 

 four hundredth anniversary of the settli-ir, 

 the Jews in Turkey: the trial and acquittal of 

 a Jewish butcher of Xanten, Germany, on the 

 mediaeval charge of murdering a Christian child 

 for ritualistic purposes : the spirited words of the 

 Pope against anti-Semitism, which had r- 

 in France owing to M. Drumont's writings, and 

 in Germany owing to Rector AhlwardtV -a 

 tion against a Jewish gun-manufacturing firm. 

 The charge of supplying defective guns was not 

 proved, and the rector was sentenced 'to several 

 months' imprisonment. The production of a 

 genuine letter from Herr Lowe, of the firm, to 

 Boulanger. written many vears before, offering 

 to supply France with machinery for the produc- 

 tion of guns, has strengthened the anti-Semites, 

 whose cause, however, nas been rigorously cen- 

 sured by the Emperor. The opening of the 

 Jaffa-Jerusalem Railroad is chronicled. Rev. I>r. 

 Adler, of London, summoned a conference of 

 ministers to consider modifications in the ritual, 

 but little of any moment was effected. The 

 proposed settlement of Midian by a Jewish 

 colony proved a dismal failure at the" start. The 

 death of Capt, A. Mayer, of Paris, at the hands 

 of the Marquis de Mores, in a duel, caused much 

 excitement in France, which extended to the 

 Chamber of Deputies. The marquis was tried 

 for murder, but acquitted. Capt. Cremieux- 

 Foa, who challenged the marquis in his turn, 

 was sent to Dahomey bv the Government, where 

 he died in battle as' a French soldier. The late 

 David Lewis left 350,000 to the city of Liver- 

 pool for workingpeople's homes, without dis- 

 tinction of creed. Prospero Moise Loria, of 

 Milan, bequeathed 600.000 for the erection of a 

 home of employment for artisans out of work, 

 irrespective of "creed. The list of deaths in- 

 cluded Lady Salomons, of London: Solomon 

 Sebag, of London, who wrote a Hebrew gram- 

 mar; Lady Julian Goldsmid at Cannes; Mia* 

 Frances Barnett, a communal worker of London, 

 in her eighty-third year; Felix Joseph, art spe- 

 cialist, at So'uthsea. Wales; Baron Weisweiller. 

 Paris ; Rabbi E. Loeb. of Altona, Germany; Rabbi 

 Terracini, of Asti. Italy : Rabbi J. Wolf, of Ka- 

 locsa. Hungary ; Rabbi Jacob Levy, of Breslan, 

 the lexicographer ; Rabbi Tobia Foa, of Fioren- 

 zusta. Italy; Rabbi Igel, of Czernowitz; Rabbi 

 M. Wasserman, of Stuttgart; Rabbi Mosse. of 

 Avignon, France; Rabbi B. Liechtenstein. New 

 Zealand : Isidore Ix>eb. secretary of the Alliance 

 Israelite l"niver>HIe : Dr. Klie Ro>hi Bey ; Baron 

 <i. A. <iedalia.of Copenhagen : Baroness Hannah 

 hschild : Baroness Albert de Rothschild, 

 of Yienna : - ,ac Pesaro Maurogonato. of 



Rome; Anton von Freitadler. Hungarian phi- 

 lanthropist; Prof. Jacob Li< ht-l.of Prague: Bar- 

 onem Joseph de Gunzbnurgh. at Paris ; I>r. A. 

 Rotterdam : Fran E. Henle. authored, 

 at Frankfort : Moritz Wahrmann, Hungarian 

 n Wolf. hi-t<>rian, at Yienna: 

 Ir. M.-rit/. St. inthal. physician, at Berlin; Al- 

 bert Wolff and Millaud. French critics; Baron 



