LITERATURE, CONTINENTAL. 



413 



another class, the demi-monde, and the character 

 -fully portrayed. Of Saar's sto- 

 7,\\ri Frauenbilder "J, one, "Qeschichte 

 \VifinT Kindes," is an interesting psycho- 

 : >tudy, but verges at times on the ini]>os- 

 ; while J. J. David, a young writer, who 

 appears to have been influenced somewhat by 

 ('. I-'. Mr\cr, touches on the theory of heredity 

 in his Hint." Felix Dahn's delightful fancy is 

 shown in his " Odhin's Rache"; and a fine vein 

 of liumor runs through H. Hoffmann's "Ge- 

 schirhU'ii aus Hinterpoinraern "; while the 

 nervous element " in most modern fiction (of 

 which Hermann Bahr is one of the latest ex- 

 ponents) predominates in " Ich," a collection of 

 -niTvoiis stories" by the talented and eccentric 

 IK in/ Tovote, whose " Frtthlingsturm " is con- 

 cerned especially with life in tne cafes of Ber- 

 lin. In poetry, we find the influence of social- 

 istic ideas in new works of Maurice Reinhold 

 von Stern (a Livonian living in South America, 

 best in his descriptions of scenery) ; Karl Hen- 

 kell (a talented writer of somewhat revolution- 

 ary verse) ; and F. Geyer, who appeals to his 

 Emperor in the cry which once assailed the ears 

 of Louis XVI " Gib uns Brot, Kaiser ! " John 

 Henry Mackay, the Scoto-German, has re- 

 nounced socialism and adopted anarchism in 

 his newest work, "Sturm." In striking con- 

 trast to these is Felix Dahn's lovely and sad 

 romance "Rolandin," filled with a spirit of 

 love and chivalry that seems strange at this 

 day. Two other new volumes bear the names 

 of old favorites R. Baumbach's " Lieder aus 

 Thuringen," and the selection of posthumous 



Eoems by Joseph Viktor von Scheffel, edited by 

 is son. The poems of Josefine Scheffel, the 

 poet's mother, have also been published, and 

 are marked by the same smoothness and melo- 

 dy as her son's, affording proof of the heredi- 

 tary power of his poetic talent. Two novelists, 

 the late Conrad Ferdinand Meyer and J. J. 

 David, have produced poetry that shows the 

 same notable qualities which characterize their 

 prose writing. On the other hand, three other 

 well-known authors Spielhagen, the novelist ; 

 Petri K. Rosegger, who writes so characteristical- 

 ly of life in the Alps ; and Ferd. Gregorovius, the 

 famous historian have, it seems, added noth- 

 ing to their fame by venturing into poetry. 

 In dramatic literature there is an interesting 

 play by Richard Voss to record, " Die Neue 

 Zeit," in which the conflict between an orthodox 

 old pastor and his liberal son is described with 

 much dramatic force and excellent characteriza- 

 tion. Paul Heyse, famous as a writer of short 

 stories, does not seem to be quite as satisfactory 

 in his newest dramatic productions, " Die 

 Schlimmen Brlider" and "Wahrheitf" Ernst 

 von Wildenbruch, who appeared as a patriotic 

 courtier in " Der Neue Herr," has produced a 

 JHfirchenschwank, " Das Heilige Lachen," which 

 was most graciously received in court circles, but 

 not so well by the critics. The play points a 

 moral too markedly, and at the expense of 

 character delineation, but it contains some beau- 

 tifully poetic passages. The new school of real- 

 ists has not been idle. The conflict between 

 laborer and employer, between rich and poor 

 so well emphasized by Hauptmann and Suder- 

 mami has formed the theme of a number of 



new productions, notably the versatile Wildren- 

 bruch's " Haubenlerche " and Ludwig Fulda's 

 l>n> Verlorene Paradies," both of which have 

 been produced in New York city. The former 

 has introduced a decidedly risque scene in bis 

 play, while Fulda has been even more frank in 

 his ' Die Sklavin." 



Greece. Here, as in Belgium, a notable per- 

 centage of authors of repute are historians. 

 Two of them have begun histories of contem- 

 porary periods : Epaminondas Kyriakides, with 

 his " History of Contemporary Greece," which is 

 brought down to 1858 in Vol. I ; and P. Karo- 

 lides, with a " History of the Nineteenth Cen- 

 tury," to which he has published an introduc- 

 tion. The history of the city of Cos has been 

 written by Tryphon Evangefides, while J. Ko- 

 phiniotis has begun to perform a like service 

 for Argos, where he has been carrying on im- 

 portant excavations. Valuable material for the 

 history of modern Greece is stored away, we are 

 told, in the documents relating to the death of 

 the martyred Rhigas Velestinlis and his com- 

 panions in 1798. They have been published at 

 the expense of the Historico-Ethnological So- 

 ciety of Athens, a Greek version being fur- 

 nished by Spyr. Lambros, who has also pub- 

 lished a separate work on the death of Rhigas. 

 The seminary for priests which the brothers 

 Rhizaris established at Athens has found a his- 

 torian in Nicolas Rhados; Col. Iphikrates Kok- 

 kides has written a work on the military geogra- 

 phy of the country ; Peloponnesian inscriptions, 

 golden bulls from Mistra, etc.. form the theme 

 of Constantine Zeziu's " Symmikta," and J. Lam- 

 bros has begun the publication of a finely illus- 

 trated work on Greek coins. Finally, Sakella- 

 rios's great monograph on Cyprus, based on forty 

 years' study, has been completed with the pub- 

 lication of the second volume, the third having 

 been previously issued. In the departments of 

 philology and literary history several works of 

 importance to the specialist have appeared. The 

 University of Athens has had the nitherto un- 

 published twelfth part of the physician AStios's 

 treatise printed in Paris, under the able editor- 

 ship of G. Kostomiris, and a third part of the 

 " Alexandrines Diakosmos " of CEkonomopulos 

 (giving the literary history of Alexandria from 

 B. c. 381 to A. D. 645) has also been issued. The 

 imperial Palestine Society of St. Petersburg has 

 begun the publication of a five-volume catalogue 

 of the Greek manuscripts in the library of the 

 Jerusalem Patriarchate. About 1,550 of these 

 manuscripts, we are told, are preserved at Jerusa- 

 lem ; the rest some 850 are in Constantinople. 

 Learned descriptions are furnished by the editor 

 of the catalogue, Athanasios Papadopulos Kera- 

 meus. It is proper to mention also Anastasios 

 Zakos's "Critical and Exegetical Observations 

 on Sophocles." 



The best fiction still appears in the periodical 

 press, Xenopulos, Krystallis, Papadiamantis, Mo- 

 raitidis, and Karkavif sas being among those espe- 

 cially prominent in this depart ment. J. Polyfas, 

 of Corfu, known as a Shakespeare translator, and 

 J. Psycharis (Renan's son-in-law), who is engaged 

 in the French capital as Professor of Modem 

 Greek, have also entered the field of light litera- 

 ture. We have also to record a new edition of 

 Bikelas's " Loukis Laras," which has been em- 



