MOROCCO. 



! him Hint tin- promises ho had made 

 would have evil iv-ults for himself, and there- 

 fun' li aid not act up to them. Just as Sir 



('. Euan-Smith was on the point of leaving, the 

 Sultan remarked that if ho, Sir C. Kuan-Smith, 

 would give way and consent to take the article 

 of Hour <>ut of the export tariff list, and not in- 

 si-t upon certain other articles being admitted 

 at a duty less than 10 per cent., he would at 

 cept the treaty. After some reflection 

 Sir C. Kuan-Smith consented to this; whereupon 

 the Sultan thanked him warmly, hut immedi- 

 ately remarked that there were 10 or 17 other 

 changes which he wished made in the treaty. 

 Seeing that further discussion was useless, the 

 British minister took his departure, leaving Fez 

 at once for his camp, which was pitched about 

 10 miles from the city. That same night two 

 new special commissioners arrived in the camp 

 with a letter from the Sultan, saying that they 

 were sent out by him to conclude the treaty 

 finally. The next morning Minister Gharnit 

 came put, confirming the statement that the 

 commissioners had full powers, and that he was 

 to sign the treaty. The commissioners them- 

 selves declared that they had the fullest powers 

 from the Sultan, that no further reference to Fez 

 was necessary, and that their business would not 

 occupy more' than fifteen minutes. Instead of 

 fifteen minutes, the whole day was spent in dis- 

 cussing further modifications, until in the even- 

 ing they expressed themselves fully satisfied, 

 and declared that the treaty was now finally 

 concluded. Fresh duplicate copies were made 

 out for Minister Gharnit's signature, but when 

 these were finished the commissioners all at once 

 said they must ride into Fez and show the 

 amended treaty to the Sultan as a mere matter 

 of form : that nothing could be changed now, as 

 they had full powers, and that they would re- 

 turn in five hours. After waiting all next day 

 for their return, Sir C. Euan-Smith decided to 

 break camp next day and return to Tangier, 

 considering that to remain in camp under these 

 circumstances would be detrimental to British 

 pre-t ige, and likely to diminish rather than aug- 

 ment his chances of success. Before his depar- 

 ture he was informed that the commissioners 

 had returned, but without the treaty, which the 

 Sultan wished to have changed in some respects, 

 and that he had, moreover, canceled the powers 

 of the commissioners ; and so there was nothing 

 left for Sir . Euan-Smith but to return to 

 Tangier without a treaty. In his official report 

 to the Marquis of Salisbury Sir C. Euan-Smith 

 a i'_rns as the cause of the failure of his mission 

 the innate dislike, if not, indeed, actual loathing, 

 which is felt by the Sultan, as a Mohammedan 

 ruler, to any concession whatever to the demands 

 of a Christian power. He continues in his re- 

 port: 



Arising out of the religious fanaticism of the Moore 

 springs the next most important influence upon the 

 Sultan's mind, his knowledge of the inherent weak- 

 ness of his position; and the feeble tenure bv whi.-h 

 he maintains his authority over liis people makes him 

 niorli'ully sensitive to the possible reproach that he 

 may too readily, and save in the face of invsUtihle 

 pressure, concede privileges and reforms to European 

 demands. 



Ih dreads beyond measure the possibility of the 

 influence of the religious world being excited against 



him. and ofth.-ir raising the cry that the interest* of 



Islam lire heini.' sacrificed to tlie rc.juirciiiL-iit* of an 

 ftbhomd civilization; imd on the O.-CHMOJI of my Mav 

 he was especially m-rvoun in regard to thf* 

 matter, because the tir.-t up|N-al for Kiip|rt8 that he 

 mode to the L'lemu did not muct with miccem. 



The Manjuis of Salisbury, in his reply to the 

 report, reminds Sir C. Euan-Smith of the false 

 reports that had been given out regarding the 

 intentions of Great Britain in Morocco, which, 

 he says, had gained extended currc-icy through- 

 out Morocco, and in the face of those fact- lie 

 considers it inexpedient, for the present at least, 

 to make any renewed attempt to induce the 

 Sultan to accept Great Britain's advice upon 

 this subject. 



Insurrections of the Tribes. In the be- 

 ginning of January, 1892, a revolt took place of 

 the native tribes of the Anghera district, in the 

 vicinity of Tangier. The revolt was not aimed 

 against the Sultan, but against the Governor of 

 Tangier, Hadji Mohammed Ben Abdisadak, who, 

 on the death of his father, about a year ago, 

 had been invested by the Sultan with the gov- 

 ernorship. He immediately began to recover 

 the large gift of money which he had been 

 obliged to offer the Sultan on the occasion of 

 his nomination, by a system of exaction which 

 the poor natives were unable to bear. Their 

 complaints remained unanswered, and they final- 

 ly resorted to arms, driving out the sheiks 

 from the different villages and killing the chief 

 of the district of Gharbia. They formed an 

 army and marched toward Tangier, where they 

 encamped close to the city, and compiled the 

 villagers to supply them with provisions, burn- 

 ing and pillaging the houses 'of those who re- 

 fused. The proximity of a large body of bold 

 and determined insurgents created considerable 

 excitement among the Europeans in the town, 

 and fears were entertained as to their safety. 

 The European powers therefore dispatched some 

 war vessels to that port for the protection of 

 their subjects, but as the Sultan acceded to 

 the demands of the insurgents and deposed the 

 Governor, quiet was restored, making the pres- 

 ence of the men-of-war unnecessary. The in- 

 surgent tribes accepted the nomination of the 

 new Governor, and order was restored. It was 

 not long, however, before the new Governor fol- 

 lowed the same line that had been disastrous to 

 his predecessor, with the result that the people 

 refused to pay the taxes levied, and drove the 

 collectors of the Governor out of their towns 

 and villages. They then proceeded to set up 

 their own Governor, electing Cid 11 'mam Said, 

 who was known for his sense of justice. They 

 demanded the recall of the Governor of Tangier, 

 and threatened to repel with arms any attempt 

 to subject them, but they expn-sed their com- 

 plete loyalty to the Sultan, and declared that 

 they were only at war with the Governor. The 

 district of Anghera is inhabited by a sturdy half- 

 Berber race of independent character, who live 

 among the heights surrounding Jebel Moosa. and 

 whose homes are almost inaccessible on account 

 of the steep paths and the many pa*.-es. which, 

 in the hands of hostile people, are impregnable. 

 The Angherites began hostilities by burning and 

 pillaging several villages friendly to tin 

 ernor. The situation becoming critical, the Sul- 



