552 



OBITUARIES, AMERICAN. (HOWLAND INGALLS.) 



of staft of the European squadron in 1869-'70 : and 

 was commandant of the League Island Navy Yard at 

 Philadelphia in 1871-'73. In 1873-'75 he was com- 

 mandant of the Portsmouth Navy Yard ; in 1875-'79 

 was chief of the Bureau of Yards and Docks, and 

 several times was acting Secretary of the Navy ; and 

 in 1879-'81 he commanded the European Squadron. 



Howland, William Ware, missionary, born in West 

 Brookfield, Mass., in 1817: died in Jaffna, Ceylon, 

 Aug. 28, 1892. He was graduated at Amherst College 

 in 1841, and at Union Theological Seminary in 1845 ; 

 had been a missionary of the American Board since 

 the latter year, and had not visited his native coun- 

 try since 1861. He was the oldest missionary in that 

 field, which, at his death, had 9 self-supporting 

 churches, with 2,700 members, and 135 mission 

 schools, with 8,500 pupils. Three of his children also 

 became missionaries. 



Hoyt, Henry Martin; lawyer, born in Kingston, Lu- 

 zerne County, Pa., June 8, 1830 ; died in Wilkesbarre, 

 Pa., Dec. 1, 1892. He was graduated at Williams 

 College in 1849, was Professor of Mathematics in Wy- 

 oming Seminary in 1851-'53, was admitted to the bar 

 in 1853, and practiced at Wilkesbarre till the begin- 

 ning of the civil war. He aided in raising the 52d 

 Pennsylvania Volunteers, went into service as its 

 lieutenant-colonel, took part in the Peninsular cam- 

 paign in 1862, was captured in a night attack during 

 the siege of Morris Island by Gen. Gillmore, captur- 

 ing the fort but being unable to hold it, and was con- 

 fined at Macon and Charleston. He escaped at the 

 latter place, but was recaptured and held till ex- 

 changed, and was mustered out of the service at the 

 close of the war with the rank of brevet brigadier- 

 general. He then resumed law practice till 1867, 

 when he was appointed additional law judge of the 

 courts of Luzerne County. In 1878 he was elected 

 Governor of Pennsylvania as a Kepublican. During 

 his term the State debt was reduced to $10,000,000 

 and refunded. After practicing for five years in Phil- 

 adelphia he returned to Wilkesbarre and retired to 

 private life. He was the author of " Controversy be- 

 tween Connecticut and Pennsylvania" (1879) and 

 " Protection vs. Free Trade " (1885). 



Hnmes, Thomas William, educator, born in Knoxville, 

 Tenn., April 22, 1815; died there, Jan. 16, 1892. He 

 was graduated at East Tennessee College (now the 

 University of Tennessee) in 1830, was ordained to 

 the ministry of the Protestant Episcopal Church in 

 1843 ; was rector of St. John's Church, Knoxville, in 

 1846-'61 and 1863-'69; and was President of the Uni- 

 versity of Tennessee in 1865-'83. Dr. Humes was 

 from early youth an ardent abolitionist, and, when a 

 young man, was so widely known for his eloquence 

 that he was selected to deliver the principal address 

 at the Knoxville Semicentennial in 1842. He pub- 

 lished "Loyal Mountaineers" (Knoxville, 1889), 

 which had a large sale at the North. 



Hunt, Thomas Sterry, chemist, bom in Norwich, 

 Conn., Sept. 5, 1826 ; died in New York city, Feb. 

 12, 1892. He became a 

 special student with 

 Prof. Benjamin Silli- 

 man, Sr., in Yale Col- 

 lege ; studied for two 

 years, spending a part 

 of that time as assistant 

 in the laboratory, and 

 was then offered, but de- 

 clined, the appointment 

 of chemical assistant to 

 the newly established 

 School of Agricultural 

 ChemistryinEdinburgh. 

 In 1847 he was appoint- 

 ed chemist and min- 

 eralogist to the Geologi- 

 cal Survey of Canada, 



and he held this office till 1872, when he resigned. 

 Meanwhile he was Professor of Chemistry in Laval 

 University, Quebec, for six years, lecturing there in the 



French language, and held a similar appointment in 

 McGill University, Montreal, for six years. Returning 

 to the United States, he was appointed Professor of 

 Geology in the Massachusetts Institute of Tech- 

 nology, where he remained till 1878, since which time 

 he had busied himself with expert and literary work. 

 He was a member of the National Academy of Sci- 

 ences, and a former President of the American Asso- 

 ciation for the Advancement of Science, of the 

 American Institute of Mining Engineers, the Ameri- 

 can Chemical Society, and the Royal Society of Can- 

 ada. He was also a member or the international 

 juries at the Paris Exposition in 1855 and 1807, and 

 of the Centennial Exhibition in 1876 ; an officer of the 

 Legion of Honor of France ; and an officer of the 

 Order of St. Mauritius and St. Lazarus of Italy. Dr. 

 Hunt developed a system of organic chemistry that 

 was essentially his own, in which all chemical com- 

 pounds were shown to be formed on simple types rep- 

 resented by one or more molecules of water or hydro- 

 gen, and was credited with being the first to apply the 

 theory to the so-called oxygen acid and to the anhy- 

 drids. This theory he elaborated in his paper on "A 

 Century's Progress in Chemical Theory," read at the 

 Centennial of Chemistry in 1874. He had previously 

 published (1852) an introduction to organic chemis- 

 try, and " Object and Methods of Mineralogy." In 

 geology he originated the names that are now uni- 

 versally accepted of the Laurcntian and Iluronian, 

 the two subdivisions of the Azoic period, or the earli- 

 est known rocks on this continent, and also the desig- 

 nations of Norian, Montalban, Taconian, and Kewee- 

 nian. In 1869 his attempt to harmonize the facts of 

 dynamical geology with the theory of a solid globe 

 was detailed in an essay on " The Chemistry of the 

 Earth," published by the Smithsonian Institution; 

 and in 1886 he set forth his theories of the origin, de- 

 velopment, and decay of crystalline rocks in his 

 " Mineral Physiology and Physiography." Dr. Hunt 

 invented the green ink with which the national paper 

 money known as " Greenback currency " was printed. 

 His latest publications were a second edition of " Min- 



Geological Essays' 

 (New York, 1891) ; and " Systematic Mineralogy, ac- 

 cording to a Natural System" (New York, 1891). 



Husted, James William, legislator, born in Bedford, 

 Westchester County, N. Y., Oct. 31, 1833 ; died in 

 Peekskill, N. Y., Sept. 25, 1892. He was graduated at 

 Yale in 1854, and admitted to the bar in 1857. Im- 

 mediately after this he entered political life as a mem- 

 ber of the " American " party, and was elected county 

 school commissioner. In 1859 he became a Repub- 

 lican. In 1800 he became deputy superintendent of 

 the State Insurance Department; in 1863, harbor 

 master of the city of New York ; and afterward deputy 

 captain of the port, which two offices he held for eight 

 years. In 1867 ho made his first canvass for the State 

 Legislature, and was defeated ; but in the following 

 year he was elected, and, with the exception of one 

 term, he had been a member of the Assembly ever 

 since. In 1874, while serving his sixth term in the 

 Assembly, he was elected Speaker, receiving the 

 unanimous vote of its Republican members, and he 

 was re-elected to the office in 1876, -1878, 1886, 1887, 

 and 1890, being defeated in 1877, 1879, 1880, and 1881. 

 His only absent year from the Assembly after his first 

 election was in 1882. The only State office for which 

 he was ever a candidate was that of State Treasurer, 

 in 1881, when he was defeated. He was a delegate to 

 the National Republican Conventions of 1876, 1880, 

 1884, 1888, and 1892, and it was at the latter that he 

 contracted his fatal illness. He was Judge-Advocate 

 of the 7th Division of the National Guard of the State 

 of New York for several years, and from 1873 was 

 Major-General of the 5th Division. Gen. Husted was 

 popularly called " the Bald Eagle of Westchester." 



Ingalls, Francis T., educator, born in Ilaverhill, 

 Mass., in 1845 ; died in Springfield, Mo., Aug. 5, 1892. 

 He was graduated at Williams College in 1864, and 



