oil! ITAHIKS, AMERICAN. (KocjKiis UUTHKRKUBD.) 



571 



iiia- in Naples, and through his friendship with 

 'rinco "i" Syracuse, ex Viceroy of Sicily, gave 

 \inir Ferdinand II.uinl was recalled from 

 Italy Mi-h in 1M.">. !!< came tn the United States 

 ill the followiti'_' year, became Professor of French 

 in tin- New Viirk Five Academy in 1848; was ap- 

 I Vice I'r. -i. lent of tin-. College of tin; Citv of 

 'i oil: and Professor of l-'n nch in 1869, and field 

 ili.-es till liis death. As early as 1 843, after the 

 leath of Kins,' \Villitini I of the Netherlands, the prc- 

 i< ni' Prof. UormtT. as -,011 an<l heir of the King 

 Iii-Lfaii to take definite shape, lie set fort h claims to 

 titles and t 'Mates, which were never otticially recog- 

 nized. His case was brought before a congress of 

 (ierinan sovereigns, held in Frankfort in 1863, and 

 un attempt at conciliation was without satisfactory 

 . 1'rof. Koemer, as lie was known in this coun- 

 try, in addition to articles and pamphlets on agricul- 

 ture and education, published a '"Dictionary of Eng- 

 lish-Fivneh Idioms, 1 ' Polyglot Readers" in French, 

 (Jennaii, Italian, Spanish, and English, "Cavalry : Its 

 History, Management, and Uses in War," "Principles 

 f (ieneral Grammar," and " Origins of the English 

 I'eoplc and of the English Laiiiruawe.'' He was very 

 popular with the students, and attended his classes 

 with irreat regularity, despite his a<lvanced age and 

 infirmities. He was found dead in the hotel at 

 Lenox, where he had been in the habit of spending 

 hi.s summers. 



Bogers, Eandolph, sculptor, born in Waterloo, N. Y., 

 July 0, 1825; died in Rome, Italy, Jan. 15, 1892. 

 Hi- was engaged in mercantile business till 1848, 

 when he attracted the attention of his employer by 

 exhibiting several statues and a bust of Byron, which 

 he had modeled without instruction. His employer 

 unred him to study sculpture, and provided the means 

 for him to go abroad for that purpose. From 1848 

 till 18.")0 he studied in Rome with Lorenzo Bartolini ; 

 then opened a studio in New York city, where he re- 

 mained till 1855, and afterward made his permanent 

 residence in Rome. Among his best-known works 

 are the bas-reliefs on the doors of the Capitol at 

 Washington, I). C., representing scenes in the life of 

 Columbus, which were designed in 1858, and cast in 

 bronze in Munich ; the Washington monument at 

 Richmond, Va., which he completed in 18(51 from the 

 unfinished material of Thomas Crawford, adding 

 statues of Marshall, Mason, and Nelson, as well as 

 some allegorical figures ; " The Angel of the Resur- 

 i,'' on tin- Samuel Colt monument at Hartford, 

 t'onn. (1861-'62); memorial monuments for Cincin- 

 %ati (1863-'64), Providence (1871), Detroit (1872), 

 and Worcester, Mass. (1874); "The Lost Pleiad" 

 (1875) ; " The Genius of Connecticut," on the Capitol 

 at Hartford (1877) ; an equestrian group of Indians in 

 bronze (1881): the ideal figures of "Ruth" (1851); 

 "Nydia,tho Blind Girl of Pompeii" (1850'); "Boys 

 Skating " : and the portrait statues of Abraham Lin- 

 coln, for Philadelphia, and William II. Seward, for 



<>rk (187<5). 



Eondeli Frederic, painter, born in Paris, France, in 

 hed in New York city, Nov. 22, 1892. He 

 todied painting in Paris with Auguste Jugelet and 

 Theodore (Judin; came to the United States in early 

 life, and exhibited at the National Academy of Design, 

 7, four landscapes, a " Waterfall," and "A 

 Hunting Party in the Woods." In the following year 

 he exhibited >l Connecticut Scenery." In 1860 he'was 

 i an associate of the Academy, and in the same 

 year he exhibited "View on Racquetto River, New 

 York," and View from the Palisades, opposite Hast- 

 ings." In the exhibition of 18',1-J he showed " Roosting 

 in Home Thanksgiving Time," and u Tani 

 Vessels at Point Breeze, Philadelphia, Pa." He parsed 

 the Creator part of his life in Philadelphia and vicin- 

 ity, and for many years conducted an art school that 

 was widely known. 



Boss, M. Denman, philanthropist, born in Boston, 



11 ). 'toiler, 1819; died in Jamaica Plain, M:i ., 



Sept. 14, ls'.-2. He was the founder of the Boston 



Thread and Twine Company, and acquired much 



wealth in business enterprises. Flo was considered 

 the father of the Massachusetts Institute of Technol- 

 ogy, for it was he who hired the room where the in- 

 stitute met before it had a building of it* own, and 

 was connected with its government till his death. 

 He was also an active member of the Massachusetts 

 Historical Society, and had much to do in bringing 

 about the establishment of the present park system 

 of Boston, the kindergartens, tne Museum of Fine 

 Arts, Columbus Avenue and ite corresponding sys- 

 tem of streets, witli the projected aquarium, the Eliot 

 School, and other public institutions. His last months 

 were spent in studying the rapid-transit problem of 

 Boston and in elaborating a scheme for the better 

 drainage and water supply of Chicago. 



Buger, William Crawford, jurist, born in Bridgewater, 

 Oneida County, N. Y., Jan. 30, 1824; died in Syra- 

 cuse, N. Y., Jan. 14, 1892. He received an academic 

 education, was admitted to the bar in Utica, N. Y., in 

 1845; practiced in Bridgewater till 1853, and subse- 

 quently in Syracuse, lie was counsel in several im- 

 portant cases, including the Canal ring prosecutions 

 instituted by Gov. Tilden, where he acted for the de- 

 fendants. Politically he was always a Democrat, 

 and he was a delegate to the "Hunker " convention 

 in 1849; to the State Judicial Convention in 1870: 

 to the Democratic National Convention in 1872 ; and 

 to the Democratic State Convention in 1877. He was 

 defeated for Congress in 1862 and 1864 ; was the first 

 President of the Onondaga Bar Association in 1875- 

 -'79 ; and was President of the State Bar Association 

 in 1876 and 1882. In the latter year he was elected 

 Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals of New York. 



Bushforth, William Henry, inventor, born in Leeds, 

 England, July 11. 1844; died in Rutherford, N. J., 

 Aug. 21, 1892. When twelve years old he went to 

 work in a railroad repair shop ; when seventeen, be- 

 came a locomotive fireman ; wnen nineteen, a locomo- 

 tive engineer ; and when thirty was chief engineer in 

 charge of thirteen stationary engines. He came to 

 the United States in 1878, and was appointed engineer 

 in a silk factory in Camden, N< J. Mr. Rushforth 

 patented a fire-escape ladder, a jeweler's show win- 

 dow, a combination parlor and ice skate, an extension 

 skate blade, a combination cane and music stand, a 

 ticket box for railroad offices, and a series of auto- 

 matic safety car signals, to be attached to railroad 

 cars so that the signals might be displayed by the 

 application of the brakes. At the time of his death he 

 was perfecting his last invention, a feed-water heater, 

 to utilize the neat wasted in the smoke boxes of loco- 

 motives. This invention received a silver medal and 

 diploma at the Paris Exhibition in 1887. 



Butherford, Lewis Morris, physicist, born in Morri- 

 sania, N. Y., Nov. 25, 1816 ; died in Tranquillity, N. J., 

 May 30, 1892. He was graduated at Williams in 1834, 

 where he served as assistant in chemistry and physics, 

 and was admitted to the bar in 1887, after which he 

 entered on the practice of his profession in New York 

 city with Peter A. Jay, and, on his death, with Ham- 

 ilton Fish. Studies in chemistry and mechanics in 

 their application to astronomy continued to interest 

 him, and led to his retirement from practice in 1849. 

 Thereafter until 1852 ho studied and traveled abroad, 

 and on his return to New York erected in the rear of 

 his home on the corner of Second Avenue and Elev- 

 enth Street a small but excellent observatory. Speo- 

 troscopic investigations claimed his first attention, 

 and during 1862-'63 he contributed papers to the 

 " American Journal of Science," giving the results of 

 his examinations of the spectra of stars, moon, and 

 planets. It was the first published work On star 

 spectra, and in it was made the first attempt to classify 

 the stars according to their spectra. While engaged 

 on this work he discovered the use of the star spi-ctn>- 

 scopo to show the exact state of achromatic correction 

 in an object glass, particularly for the rays that are 

 used in photography. In 1864. after many experi- 

 ments in other directions but for the same end, he 

 constructed an object glass of 1 H inches diameter and 

 about 15 feet focal length, corrected for photography 



