586 



OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (BOJANOWSKI BURKE.) 



Bojanowski, Victor von, President of the German Im- 

 perial Patent OliicCj born June 4, 1831 ; died March 

 29, 1892. He was descended from a Polish noble 

 family long settled in Germany, and was the son of a 

 Prussian general. He studied law in Berlin and 

 Halle, entered the civil service, and in 1865 went as 

 Prussian consul to Moscow, whence he was called to 

 St. Petersburg as Secretary of Legation, and in 1869 

 was appointed consul there. In 1873 he went as con- 

 sul-general to England. He was distinguished for a 

 minute technical knowledge of commercial and indus- 

 trial matters of all kinds. In 1883 he was appointed 

 Director in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, but broke 

 down under the load of work, and in 1885-'88 was 

 consul-general at Buda-Pesth, returning to Berlin in 

 1888 to take charge of the Patent Office, in which he 

 was instrumental in bringing about a reform of the 

 patent laws and a reorganization of the department 

 satisfactory to practical industrialists. 



Bouvier, Alexis, a French novelist, born in Paris, Jan. 

 15, 1836: died there, May 13, 1892. He was the son 

 of a working bronze founder, and while he learned 

 the trade of a chaser he wrote songs and vaudevilles. 

 The democratic song of "La Canaille" made him fa- 

 mous. Soon afterward he wrote or helped to write a 

 number of operettas that were given in the theatres 

 of the faubourgs. Later he turned his attention to 

 novels, and in this field he won his chief success. 

 The most popular were "La Femme du Mort"; "Les 

 Pauvres " ; " La Grande Iza," with its sequels, " Iza la 

 Kuine " and " La Mort d'Iza" ; " Le Fils d' Antony " ; 

 and " La Rousse." 



Bramwell, Lord, an English jurist, born in London, 

 1808 ; died in Edenbridge, May 9, 1892. He was the 

 eldest son of a London banker, and after leaving the 

 private school in which he was educated entered his 

 father's bank, studied law, was called to the bar in 

 1838, and won a high reputation as a special pleader 

 and a learned lawyer. He served on a commission to 

 study reforms of common-law procedure in 1847, was 

 made a Queen's counsel in 1851, and in 1856 was ap- 

 pointed a baron of the Exchequer. The disfavor with 

 which suitors looked upon this court disappeared, 

 owing in a large measure to his plain and sensible 

 methods. In 1876 he was made a Lord Justice of Ap- 

 peal. He had an important share in the framing of 

 the limited-liability law and several judicature acts. 

 Of all the English judges he was the most popular. 

 In 1881 he retired from the bench, and in 1882 was 

 raised to the peerage as Baron Bramwell of Hever. 



Brand, Sir Henry B. Wi, Viscount Hampden, ex- 

 Speaker of the British House of Commons, born in 

 1815; died in Pau, March 15,1892. He held a number 

 privy of official posts, among them that of keeper of the 

 seal of the Prince of Wales, and had acquitted him- 

 self as a useful member of the Liberal party when he 

 was chosen Speaker. He retained that post amid all 

 the changes of government until he retired, in 1884, 

 and was advanced to the House of Lords. In the 

 memorable period of Irish obstruction he presided 

 over the House with a degree of tact, decision, and 

 impartiality that commanded general admiration. 



Bratiano, Demeter, a Koumanian statesman, born in 

 1818; died June 21, 1892. He was one of the leaders 

 of the revolutionary movement of 1848, which was 

 frustrated by the interference of Russian and Turk- 

 ish troops. Banished during the long period of reac- 

 tion, with his brother Joan and many others of like 

 principles, he joined the band of exiles from all coun- 

 tries which gathered about Mazzini, in London, and 

 sought by writings to make the people of London and 

 Paris acquainted with the situation of the Danubian 

 principalities. With other Roumanian refugees he 

 undertook the publication in Paris of " L'Etoile du 

 Danube," in which he opposed a Russian protectorate 

 and advocated the union of Moldavia and Wallachia. 

 As chief of the Roumanian colony, he laid the cause 

 of his country before Napoleon III and before the 

 English statesmen. When permitted, after the peace 

 of Paris, to return to his own country, he took the most 

 active part in the struggle for the union of the prin- 



cipalities, which was carried through in spite of enor- 

 mous external and internal hindrances, and was one of 

 the principal champions of the Liberal cause and a lead- 

 er in the overthrow of the Boyar oligarch v, although 

 he was cast into the shade by the genius of his brother, 

 who gradually assumed the leadership of the Liberal 



Eirty. After he had served as minister in various 

 iberal governments and had taken an important 

 part in the momentous developments that followed 

 the fall of Cusa, he was sent, after the Berlin Treaty, 

 as the first minister representing Roumania as an in- 

 dependent state at the Porte. When Joan Bratiano, 

 for reasons that have never been historically ex- 

 plained, resigned the prime ministry in 1881, he was 

 succeeded by Demeter, and while he was in office 

 Roumania was declared a kingdom, and Prince Carol 

 crowned King. He was compelled, after three months, 

 to resign the helm of state again into the hands of his 

 brother, who was recalled by the National Liberal 

 party. On account of this a coolness arose between 

 the brothers, which led in time to an open breach. 

 Demeter placed himself at the head of the party of 

 Dissidents, which welcomed all the dissatisfied Lib- 

 erals, assailed Joan Bratiano with bitter animosity, 

 and went to the length of forming an alliance with 

 the Boyar party, led by Lascar Catargi. The United 

 Opposition thus formed brought about the fall of Joan 

 Bratiano's Cabinet in 1888, the harm done by disrupt- 

 ing the party came home to those who had fomented 

 the feud, and the restoration of unity was brought about, 

 together with a complete reconciliation between the 

 two brothers in the spring of 1890. Demeter Bratiano 

 became president of the central committee of the 

 party, and held that position till the close of his life. 



Bruce, John Colling"wood, an English archaeologist, 

 born in Newcastle, 1805 ; died in London, April 5, 

 1892. He was educated at Glasgow University, in- 

 tending to become a Presbyterian minister, but he 

 afterward left that calling, and was for some years at 

 the head of a school, in which occupation he suc- 

 ceeded his father. In 1858 he retired to private life. 

 A third and revised edition of his most noted work, 

 " The Roman Wall : A Description of the Mural Bar- 

 rier of the North of England," appeared in 1867. It 

 is a most elaborate and careful work and of undoubted 

 authority. Other books by him are : " Handbook of 

 English History " (1848) ; " The Bayeux Tapestry 

 elucidated" (London, 1856); "Handbook to New- 

 castle-on-Tyne " (London, 1863); "The Wallet- 

 Book of the Roman Wall" (London, 18(58); "In- 

 cised Markings on Stone found in Northumber- 

 land, Argyleshire, and Other Places" (London, 1869) ; 

 "Lapidarium Septentrionale " (edited) (Newcastle, 

 1875) ; " Descriptive Catalogue of Antiquities, Chief- 

 ly British, at Alnwick Castle" (Newcastle, 1880). 



Bncher, Adolf Lothar, a German statesman, born in 

 Neu-Stettin, in 1817; died in Geneva, Switzerland, 

 Oct. 12, 1892. He prepared himself in the University 

 of Berlin for the law, and became a court officer in 

 Pomerania. In 1848 he was elected to the Diet as 

 Deputy for Stolp. He took a prominent part in the 

 following year as a member of the Lower House in 

 the legislation that was passed, and in the abolition of 

 of the state of siege in Berlin, which resulted in the 

 dissolution of the Chamber. On account of his stand 

 in the taxation conflict in 1850 he was arraigned, and, 

 after his flight to London, was sentenced in contuma- 

 ciani to imprisonment. From London he wrote bril- 

 liant political articles for the Berlin " National-Zeit- 

 ung " and other publications. After the amnesty he 

 returned, and again entered politics as a Radical of so- 

 cialistic tendencies. Count Bismarck, who knew him 

 and recognized his abilities, induced him to accept 

 office in 1864 in the Foreign Office, and from that time 

 he was the confidential adviser and right-hand man 

 of the Minister- President and Chancellor of the Em- 

 pire, rising to high posts in the public service. 



Bnrke, Sir Ji Bernard, an English genealogist, boru 

 in London in 1815 ; died in Dublin, Dec. 13, 1892. 

 He was educated in the college at Caen, Normandy ; 

 was called to the bar at the^Middle Temple in 1839. 



