OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (Burr CASPARI.) 



587 



ted for many years, at first in conjunction with 

 his lather, and alone after his father's death, tin; 

 ;iiul Karonetaire.' 1 Ho was author of 

 "Tin- <'oiiinn>inTsiit' Great Krilain and Ireland," after 

 ward republishcd under the title of" History of the 

 Landed iJeiitrv," "General Armory," " Visitation of 

 Family Romance,' 1 " Anecdotes of the Ari.-- 

 ." - '['h Historic Lands of England," " Vicissi- 

 tude.- oi' Families," and "Reminiscence*, Ancestral 

 and Anecdotal,' 1 besides other books on heraldic, his 

 topical and antiquarian subjects. He was appointed 

 Ulster KiiiLT of Anns in 1853, was knighted in the fol- 

 lowing year, and had the charge of the arrangements 

 and procedure connected with the ceremonies and 

 pageants of Dublin Castle. He became also keeper 

 of the Irish state papers in 1874. 



Butt, Sir Charles Parker, an English jurist, born in 

 Gloucester iii ls:;u; du-<l in Wiesbaden, Germany, 

 !. 189-2. He was called to the bar in 1854, be- 

 come a Queen's counsel in 1868, entered Parliament 

 in 1880, and in 1883 was appointed to succeed Sir 

 Robert 1'hillimoreas a judge of the Probate, Divorce, 

 and Admiralty Division of the High Court, to the 

 presidency of which he succeeded a year or two bo- 

 ton- his death, lie was particularly strong in ad- 

 miralty law, and in divorce cases ma'de several deci- 

 sions In which he created new precedents to fit cases 

 of peculiar hardship. 



Oaird, Sir James, a Scottish economist and agricul- 

 turist, born in Stranrner, Wigtownshire, in 1816 ; died 

 in London, Feb. 10, 18 ( J2. He was educated at the 

 high school and University of Edinburgh, and early 

 began the study of agricultural and economic ques- 

 tions. He was an ardent Free Trader, and in 1849 

 published a treatise on "High Fanning as the Best 

 Substitute for Protection." In the autumn of the 

 same year he visited the west and south of Ireland, 

 then suffering from the effects of the famine, and re- 

 ported on measures for the revival of agricultural 

 enterprise in that country. In 1850 he was appointed 

 commissioner by the "Times" to ascertain the causes 

 of the agricultural depression in England. He describ- 

 ed in detail examples >f good farming, discussed the 

 condition of the laborer and the relations between 

 landlord and tenants, and called attentioh to the 

 waste of fertilizing matter from the large towns in his 

 letters, which were afterward published in a volume 

 entitled " English Agriculture in 1850-'51," which 

 was translated into French, German, and Swedish, 

 and was also republishcd in the United States. In 

 1858 he published an account of the fertility and pos- 

 sibilities of the Mississippi prairies, which was also 

 translated. In 1852 he was defeated for Parliament 

 in his own district by a majority of one, but was 

 elected in 1857 as the Liberal member for Dartmouth, 

 for which he sat until 1859, when he was elected for 

 Stirling without opposition. He continued to sit for 

 that constituency until 1865. In the session of 1859 

 he carried a motion that the Scotch census should in- 

 clude inquiry into the housing of the people, from 

 which it was learned that two thirds of the families 

 lived in houses of one or two rooms. On the out- 

 break of the civil war in tliu United States he called 

 attention to the possibility of extending the cultiva- 

 tion of cotton to other countries, and visited Algeria 

 and Sicily for that purpose. In 1869 he published a 

 pamphlet on the Irish land question, and articles on 

 6 Food for the People." Ten years later he prepared 

 an account of English agriculture, for the French Ex- 

 position. He also served on the Indian famine com- 

 mission, and published an account of its visit to India. 

 In 1889 he became a member of the Board of Agri- 

 culture, with the rank of privy councilor. He was 

 knighted in l^i '.."".. 



Campbell, Sir Alexander, a Canadian statesman, born 

 in Yorkshire, England, in 1822; died May 22,1892. 

 Going to Canada very early in life, he was educated 

 tir-t at l.achine, near Montreal, and afterward at 

 Kingston, Ontario. When of age he wascalled to the 

 bar ->f Upper Canada, and in 1856 was created Queen's 

 counsel. In 1858 he entered the Legislative Council 



of Canada, and was elected Speaker in 1R>2. He rose 

 to Cabinet rank in iMil, and wan Commissioner <,i' 

 Crown Lands for the following three; yearn. As a 

 member of the Quebec Conference I,,-' contributed 

 largely to the repeal of the legislative union ! 

 the twoCanadas by confederation, and wa* appointed 

 to the Dominion Senate. He was sworn in as a mem- 

 ber of the Queen's Privy Council on the original 

 "Dominion Day," July 1, 1867, and took the |>rtfolio 

 of Postmaster-General of Sir John Macdonafd's first 

 Federal Cabinet. In 1873 he became Minister of the 

 Interior, but had to resign with the rc.-t of the Cab- 

 inet in consequence of the Pacific Railroad scandal 

 later in the same year. On the return of Sir John to 

 power he took up again his first portfolio for a few 

 months, and after a brief tenure of office as Minister 

 of Militia and Defense he was appointed a third 

 time Postmaster-General in 1880. The following 

 year he became Minister of Justice, and in 1887 was 

 appointed Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario. He re- 

 ceived his title in 1879, being one of the birthday 

 honors conferred by the Queen. 



Campbell, Sir George, a Scotch author and Indian ad- 

 ministrator, born in 1824; died in Cairo, Egypt, Feb. 

 18, 1892. He was educated at Edinburgh, St. An- 

 drew's, and Haileybury, entered the service of the 

 East India Company at the age of eighteen, was ad- 

 vanced rapidly, having attracted the attention of Lord 

 Dalhousie, but returned to England on furlough in 

 1851. and while there published " Modern India " and 

 " India as it may be." Returning to India in 1854, aft- 

 er being called to the bar at the Inner Temple, he 

 held various administrative posts in the Northwest 

 Provinces, was selected as personal assistant by the 

 Governor-General, Lord Canning, and was afterward 

 Judicial and Financial Commissioner of Oudh, Judge 

 of the High Court at Calcutta, and Chief Commis- 

 sioner of the Central Provinces. Returning to Eng- 

 land again in 1868, he wrote a book on land tenures 

 in Ireland. In 1871 he went out to India as Licuten- 

 ant-Governor of Bengal. He administered that office 

 with distinguished ability, but resigned it at the end 

 of three years, and went back to England as a member 

 of the India Council. This appointment he gave up 

 in 1875 in order to represent the Kirkcaldy district in 

 Parliament, of which he was a member till his death. 

 He was a laborious legislator and a frequent speaker, 

 yet never gained an influence in Parliament that was 

 at all commensurate with the great reputation be had 

 achieved in India. In 1876 he was an active sup- 

 porter of Mr. Gladstone's policy in the Eastern ques- 

 tion, and published a book on the subject. He inter- 

 ested himself also in colonial and various foreign 

 questions. He visited America twice, and published 

 " White and Black in the United States." On Indian 

 questions as they arose in Parliament he spoke with 

 tne weight and authority that his knowledge and ex- 

 perience justified. On the Irish question he was a 

 consistent supporter of Mr. Gladstone. His last pub- 

 lished work was " The British Empire," written with 

 special reference to India and the colonies of Great 

 Britain, and issacd in 1889. 



Carlen, Emilie Flygare, a Swedish novelist. l>orn in 

 1807 ; died in Stockholm, Feb. 5, IS-.t-j. she first be- 

 gan to write in order to help her parents, who wen- 

 poor. Her first marriage was with the musician Fly- 

 Sire. It proved unhappy, and she obtained a divorce. 

 er second husband, Carlen, a lawyer and a poet of 

 some merit, died in 1875. She was one of the most 

 prolific of modern writers of fiction, and her work.* 

 were esteemed by critics, and not only were they very 

 popular in Scandinavia, but many of them were 

 translated into German, and several into English or 

 French, among them "The Confidential Clerk," 

 "The Rose of Tistelen," "A Year of Marriage," 

 " Alma," " A Heroine of Romance." " The Repre- 

 sentative," " In Six Weeks." " A Night on Lake Bul- 

 lar." and " A Name." 



Caspar!, Karl Paul, a Norwegian biblical scholar, 

 born at Dessau, in 1811; died at Christiania about 

 April 11, 18'J2. Since 1847 he was engaged us docent 



