OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (FABRE-FREEMAN.) 



591 



ho last surviving representative of the Hegelian 



philosophy. His principal \v>rk.s treated of "Faith 



ieii'cc." ' Nature or Creation," "The Body and 



1 1," Psychology," and "Logic and Metaphys 



I !io |iriin-i[i:il one was a "History of Modern 



Philosophy," in three volumes. 



Fabre, IVrc Joseph, a French monk, born in 1825; 



died in Paris, Oct. 25, 1892. Ho joined the Oblato 



Missionary order soon alter it came into existence, 



mid was tlio superior-general of the order, being 



: iii succession to its founder, Bishop Mazenod, 



illcS. 



Fonseca, Hanoel Deodoro da, a Brazilian soldier, and 

 tirst President of tin' Republic, born in 1827; died 

 Aiiir. -'">, is'.i-j. lie was a soldier all his life, and in 

 ihr \\ar against Paraguay distinguished himself, and 

 was made a ircncral and afterward marshal of the em- 

 pire. Tin- members of the Military Club of Kio Jan- 

 eiro, of wlii.-h Ccn. Fonscea- was 'the leading spirit, 

 conceived the idea that they were the guardians of 

 Brazilian liberties. Fonseca was a personal friend of 

 l>oin ivdro. but toward the court of the Regency ho 

 showed distrust and antipathy, in consequence of 

 winch he was deprived of his command and banished 

 to M at to- G rosso. The Republican agitators chose him 

 for their leader, and when the bloodless revolution of 

 Nov. 15, 1889, was accomplished, and a republican 

 form of government proclaimed, he was made Dictator 

 nud Provisional President. The Constituent Assem- 

 bly, in February, 1891, formally elected him Presi- 

 dent, not because he was popular with the people, but 

 because of his influence over the army. For a time 

 he professed to act as the constitutional head of a 

 tree state, but in order to maintain his position and 

 perpetuate his power he gathered about him a clique 

 of politicians and financial adventurers, whose acts 

 Bade him much more unpopular, and began to con- 

 strue his powers under the Constitution in a sense 

 that was not understood by the people and their rep- 

 re.M-ntatives. Ministers wno would not hold them- 

 selves responsible to him, instead of to the Parlia- 

 ment, were dismissed, and he assumed that he was 

 alone responsible for the conduct of the Government, 

 declaring that the Constitution was modeled after 

 that of the United States, and not after the parlia- 

 mentary institutions of Europe. When he supposed 

 that he had consolidated his position, he began to 

 veto the acts of Congress that displeased him ; and 

 when Congress attempted to override his veto by a 

 two-thirds vote, he dissolved the Assembly, pro- 

 claimed himself Dictator on Nov. 3, 1891, and placed 

 the capital under martial law, on the pretext that 

 there was danger of the restoration of monarchical 

 irovernment On Nov. 23, 1891, when the army and 

 navy had declared against the Dictator, he in turn 

 was compelled to abdicate, and since then he had 

 taken no part in political affaire beyond issuing a 

 manifesto in which he sought to justify his course in 

 dissolving Congress and assuming a dictatorship. 



Forokenbeck, Max von, a (German statesman, born in 

 Prussia about 1825; died in 1892. He took part in the 

 liberal movement of 1848, but during the reactionary 

 period that followed practiced law quietly in Elbing 

 till 1858, when he entered the Prussian Diet, where 

 he became a leader of the Fortschrittlers or Progress- 

 ists, and was a prominent upholder of popular rights 

 in the long struggle with Bismarck and the King, who 

 were determined to reorganize the army against the 

 will of the Parliament After the war of 1866 his in- 

 tluenee contributed to the re-establishment of harmo- 

 nious relations between Crown and people's repre- 

 sentatives, and he was elected President of the lower 

 house. As a member of the North German and aft- 

 erward of the Imperial German Parliament, he did 

 much to promote the cause of German unity, and was 

 one of the chief founders of the National Liberal 

 party. In 1874 he was elected the second President 

 of the Reichstag, succeeding Herr Simson,and in 1878 

 he was re-elected, notwithstanding the defeat of the 

 Liberal party in the general elections. In the follow- 

 ing year he resigned, for the purpose of reorganizing 



the party in order to combat the protectionist and re 

 uetiomiry ^>olicy of the Government; but the majority 

 ot the National Liberals followed the Chancellor, and 

 in 1884 Forckenbeck consequently left them and 

 joined the Frei>inni^e party, of winch he remained a 

 member for the rest of his life, though in hi* last years 

 he took little part in the parliamentary warfare against 

 the Government. He was elected head Burgennci.-ter 

 of Berlin in 1878, and through his energy and good 

 taste in a large measure the dingy old city- was trans- 

 formed into one of the finest capitals in Europe. 



Forge, Anatole de la, a French historian, born in 1821 ; 

 died in Paris, June 6, 1892. He was Mooted for a 

 diplomatic career, and in 1846 went on a mission to 

 Spain, for which he was decorated with the cross of 

 the Legion of Honor. In 1848 he became a journalist, 

 and wrote political articles for the " Siecle." After 

 the fall of the empire he was Prefect of the Aisne, 

 and took a prominent part in organizing the defense 

 of St. Quentiu, where no was wounded. He was then 

 appointed Prefect of the Basses-Pyre^es, retiring 

 after the conclusion of peace in 1871. He was ap- 

 pointed director of the press in the Ministry of the 

 Interior in 1877, and was elected to the Chamber of 

 Deputies in 1881, and sat till 1889. Among his nu- 

 merous published works the chief is a " History of the 

 Republic of Venice." He wrote a useful account of 

 "Public Instruction in Spain," a study of "Certain 

 Political Vicissitudes of Italy in its Relations with 

 France," and a critical work on u Painting in France." 



Franz, Eobert, a German composer, born in Halle, 

 June 28, 1815; died there, Oct. 24, 1892. He was 

 educated in the gymnasium of his native place, and 

 did not begin the study of music till 1835, because his 

 family were opposed to his followingit as a profession. 

 After studying for two years with Friedrich Schnei- 

 der, of Dessau, he published a set of 12 songs, which 

 drew forth praises from Schumann and other eminent 

 masters. He was organist and director of the singing 

 academy and of the winter concerts at Halle, and was 

 also lecturer on music in the university, but was com- 

 pelled by deafness to resign Ills-musical posts. He 

 gave his whole attention to composition, and to edit- 

 ing the works of Bach, Handel, and other old compos- 

 ers. He composed more than 300 songs, besides a 

 Kyrie, and quartets, psalms, etc. As a writer of music 

 for songs of every kind of form and sentiment he 

 stood at the head of contemporary composers. 



Freeman, Edward Augustus, an Engliafa nistorian, born 

 at Ilarborne, a suburb of Birmingham, in 1823; died 

 at Alicante, Spain, March 16, 1892. He was the only 

 son of John Freeman, of Pedmore Hall, Worcester- 

 shire, but, both his parents having died when he 

 was quiet young, he was brought up by his grand- 

 mother in Northamptonshire. Hannah 'More, whom 

 he was taken to see as a boy, prophesied for him a dis- 

 tinguished future, a forecast which he always liked to 

 recall. He was educated at a small private school at 

 Ewell, in Surrey, and at Trinity College, Oxford, from 

 which he was graduated in 1845, but remained there 

 two years longer as a fellow till his marriage, in 1847. 

 In 1846 ho contended for the English prize essay, the 

 subject being " The Effects of the Conquest of England 

 by the Normans." He failed to win the prize, but one 

 result of the trial was to turn his attention to the epoch 

 of history which he afterward made peculiarly his 

 own. One of his friends at this time wm< John Henry 

 Parker, the well-known writer on architecture, and 

 Freeman's own tastes in this direction were no doubt 

 stimulated by those of his friend. In 1884 ho was 

 made Regius Professor of Modern History at Oxford, 

 succeeding Dr. Stubbs, the present Bishop of Oxford. 

 His whole life was a marvel of activity, and books, 

 pamphlets, lectures, and magazine articles on histor- 

 ical, architectural, and literary topics proceeded in 

 unwearied succession from his pen. liis facts were 

 never obtained at second hand, and his conclusions 

 were always thought out for himself. More to him 

 than to any other man is the present generation in- 

 debted for the revival of interest in history as a seri- 

 ous study. He was utterly opposed to any arbitrary 



