OBITUARIES, KOUKKiN. (OALLAND GaAvifeRE.) 



508 



' HI. Tin- .-M- id vi.llliin- was 



;n Issii, mill tin- Ihinl, whirh brings tin- narra- 

 ivn to the year 1S78, appeared in l^'.'i'. He was 



uiiil vigorous writer, of distinct, ii|iinioiis and 

 .':>ilities. In inaiiiirr In- was reserved and somc- 



: I in tin- last year of his life an infamous 



nii.l \\luill.N fal-e charge being brought against him, 



ivatiy depressed in consequence. At last 



den became too great for hi* sensitive nature 

 M>tand. and In- died by his own hand. 



Galland, Pierre, a French decorative artist, horn in 

 Geneva in ivj:.'; died in Paris, Dec. 1, 1892. He was 



11 of an artistic workman in gold, and he learned 



.ie iTat't. then studied architectural decoration 

 with Laliroiiste, and painting with Drolling, and by 



.is known as nm- of the must, accomplished dec- 

 painters ol'his time. H' s first important work 

 wits the ili emation of a palace belonging to an Arme- 

 nian millionaire, in Constantinople. On returning to 



n ls.~>3, lie opened an uttln-r. He lias executed 



thi! interior decorations of some of the finest modern 



i from Constantinople to New York. He was 



lere copyist of the work of the Italian or the 

 French Renaissance, but developed a style and ideas 

 if his own that were formed and chastened by a 

 knowledge of the styles of all ages and countries. In 



e became Professor of Decorative Art in the 



des Beaux Arts, and in 1877 director of the 



! i 118. 



Gindely, Anton, a Bohemian historian, born in Prague 



in ivjii; died Oct. 24, 1892. He was educated in the 



University of Prague, and, after holding academical 



i various places in Bohemia and Moravia, was 



>or of Austrian History in the university. 



He won a name as a historian by his " Geschichte der 



Bohmischen Briider" (1856-'57), but his reputation 



chietly rests on his " History of the Thirty Years' 



War.'' which was published between 1869 and 1882. 



Qasparis, Annibale de, an Italian astronomer, born in 

 l'>ii;:nara, Nov. '.i, 1819; died in Naples, March 21, 

 ;s;ii. lie went to Naples to study mathematics and 

 astronomy in 1838; became assistant at the observa- 

 [ Capodimente in 1842, and in 1864 succeeded 

 Prof. Capocci as director. He was the discoverer of 

 the planetoid Hygieia in 1849, and discovered, in all, 9 

 of the earlier known of the small planets, ending with 

 Beatrix, in lsr,f,. Afterward he gave much attention 

 to the determination of the orbits of binary stars. 



Gisborne, P.M., a Canadian electrician, born in 1822; 

 died iii i >ttawa, Aug. 29, 1892. He was employed by 



eminent in 1850 to make surveys for a tele- 

 graph line, and while at St. John's he conceived the 



laying a submarine cable from the coast of 

 Midland to the east coast of Ireland. This 

 eheiiic he laid before the authorities of Newfound- 

 hind and Nova Scotia and various capitalists in Hali- 

 fax and Canada, and he went to New York to propose 

 it to moneyed men there, but all considered it chimer- 



iie !>e. -aim- superintendent of the Government 

 telegraph* of the Dominion in later life. 

 Gonon, Eugene, a French sculptor, born in Paris, Oct. 



i; died there iii September, IS'.i-j. lie wasason 

 of the hron/.c founder Honore Gonon, who had redis- 



i the process of founding a tire perdue prac- 

 ticed hy the ancients. He studied under his father, 

 trained himself also in chasing and sculpture, and 

 learned chemistry and metallurgy. He worked under 

 the sculptors Pra'dicr and Blondel, and went through 

 N course at. the Kcoledcs Beaux Arts. He improved 

 ii|>oii his lather's methods, and with him reproduced 

 i: roil ps by Barye, and copied many works, both of 

 modern and ancient sculpture, lie also modeled 

 irriiiips of birds and small animals. 



Grant, James Augustus, a Scottish explorer, born in 

 Nairn, in lvJ7: died there. Feb. 11, is'.i-j. He was a 



the parish minister of Nairn; was educated in 

 ial College. Aberdeen, and in IM'J obtained a 

 eonimisM in in the Indian army. He saw much severe 

 service; \\asat thi - of M ultan, the battle of 



Gujerat, and the relief of l.ucknow , and was - 

 times wounded. When Speke, the discoverer of Vic.- 

 VOL. xxxii. 38 A 



toria Nyan/.a, which he rightly conjectured to lie the 

 main source of the- Nile, vva* e.immisr-ioned, in i 

 the Uoyal Geographic*] Society to take out an exiiedi- 

 tion to explore the lake, ( 'apt. (irant, who had eliam- 

 pioiied Speke in his controversy with Burton, was glad 

 mpany his friend. The explorers n-aci 

 Imre of the lake from Xanxibar by way of I'n 

 vanycmbc. They made a friend of Kin^r Umnanika, 

 penetrated into Uganda, and in. Inly, IM;*, readied the 

 point where the Nile issues from the lake,the discov- 

 ery of which was the main object of the expedition, 

 They wore BO long absent that Samuel Baker w. 

 in search of them. They followed thi, Nile for I'M 

 miles, when they were obliged to leave it, but 7') miles 

 farther down they struck it again; and in February, 

 1863, they reached Gondokoro, where they wen- met 

 and relieved by Baker. In 1808 Capt. Grant served in 

 the Abyssinian expedition, and after his return lie re- 

 mained in Kngland, retiring from the army with tiie 

 rank of lieutenant-colonel, lie contributed papers on 

 the African expedition to the "Journal " of the Geo- 

 graphical Society, wrote an account of the botany of 

 the expedition which fills a volume of the "Transac- 

 tions" of the Linnrean Society, and published "A 

 Walk across Africa" (1864). 



Grant, Bobert, a Scottish astronomer, bora in Gran- 

 town-on-Spey, near Glasgow, in 1814; died there, 

 Nov. 1, 1892. He was educated in London, Aberdeen, 

 and Paris; became proficient in the ancient languages 

 and in French and Italian, as well as in astronomy and 

 pure mathematics ; and after his return to England, in 

 1847, he spent five years in writing his "History of 

 Physical Astronomy." He translated, with Admiral 

 Smith, the " Popular Astronomy " of his former in- 

 structor, Arago ; became editor of the " Monthly No- 

 tices" of the Astronomical Society; and in 1859 was 

 appointed Professor of Astronomy in the University of 

 Glasgow. In 1883 he published a catalogue of 6,415 

 stars, the moan places of which had been determined 

 under his direction in the observatory at Glasgow. 



Graviere, J. B. E. Jurien de la, a French naval officer 

 and author, born in Brest, in 1813 ; died in Paris, 

 March 5, 1892. lie was the son of a vice-admiral, and 

 after studying in the naval school he made a voyage 

 to Senegal, from which he returned at the end of two 

 years to enter the service as orderly officer on a vessel 

 stationed in the Levant. His voyages and his travels 

 for four years in China he described in articles pub- 

 lished in the "Journal des Deux Mondes." He was 

 on the staff of Admiral Bruat in the Black Sea cam- 

 paign, and performed brilliant services in the Kertch 

 expedition. On the death of Admiral Bruat, from 

 cholera, he took command, and on his return he was 

 appointed a rear-admiral in December, 1855. During 

 the Italian ,var he was in command of a division that 

 blockaded Venice. As commander of the expedition 

 against Mexico he arranged with Great Britain and 

 Spain, in December, 1861, the treaty of Soledad, which 

 the French Government refused to ratify. Upon this 

 he gave up the command of the land forces to Gen. 

 Loreuccz, but retained that of the naval division. He 

 was promoted vici -admiral in 1st; 2, and returned to 

 France, where he served as aid-de-camp to the F.mpe- 

 ror. Afterward In- \\a> commander of the Mediter- 

 ranean, became 1 a Senator, and was appointed a mem- 

 ber of the Admiralty Board. In 1^70 he took part in 

 the defense of Paris, and subsequently commanded 

 the Levant division, with which tie aided in stamp- 

 ing out the separatist movement in Nice. After the 

 war was over fie was appointed director of the depart- 

 ment of maps and charts in the naval otliee. In 1^'Hi 

 lie was made a member oj" thi- Academy of Sciences, 

 and in 1888 he was chosen one of the 7< members of 

 the French Academy. He was president of various 

 societies interested in maritime matters. At the time 

 of his death he was eiiira-j-ed in issuinir a series of 

 articles in the '' Kevue des Deux Mondes" on the lib- 

 eration of Holland. Admiral Gravicre wrote a large 

 number of books that are highly regarded, among 

 them the following: "Souvenir d'un Amiral " (1860); 

 " Guerres Maritimes sous la Kepubliquo et sous 1'Km 



