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OBITUARIES, FOREIGN. (LucE MADIER DE MONTJAU.) 



ency, but got himself elected by the London Uni- 

 versity, of whose Senate he was a member, and which 

 could not refuse to honor him for his services on be- 

 half of education. Mr. Disraeli's sweeping reform 

 bill was carried, in spite of Lowe's opposition and his 

 admonition to " educate our future masters " before 

 giving them political control. Mr. Gladstone was in- 

 dueed to make Lowe Chancellor of the Exchequer in 

 1868. His proposition to put a tax on matches roused 

 much popular opposition, .and had to be withdrawn. 

 He resigned in 1873, and became Home Secretary, till 

 his party went out in 1874. When they returned, in 

 1880, he was elevated to the peerage. A volume of 

 poems that he had written in former years, many of 

 them in early life, was published in 1884. 



Luce, Auguste Simeon, a French historian, born in 

 Bretteville, Manche, in 1833; died in Paris, Dec. 15, 

 1892. He was one of the highest living authorities 

 on French mediaeval history, and a professor in the 

 Ecole des Charles, where he had been a pupil. He 

 published a biography of " Jeanne d'Arc " and one 

 of "Duguesclin." 



Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse, born in Bessun- 

 gen, near Darmstadt, Sept. 12, 1837 ; died March 13, 

 1892. He was the son of Prince Karl of Hesse and 

 Elisabeth, a princess of Prussia, On the death of 

 his uncle, Ludwig III, he succeeded to the throne, in 

 June, 1877. Ho was trenoral of infantry in the Prus- 

 sian army, with the rank of field marshal and inspec- 

 tor general of the 3d Army Inspection. He married, 

 at Osborne, on July 1, 1862, the Princess Alice, of 

 Great Britain, Duchess of Saxony, who died in De- 

 cember, 1878, having borne him four children, the 

 hereditary Prince Ernst Ludwig, born Nov. 25, 1868, 

 and three daughters. Subsequently he contracted a 

 morganatic marriage with Madame de Kolomine, 

 from whom he was divorced soon afterward. 



MacBain, Sir James, an Australian statesman, born 

 in Invergordon, Scotland, in 1828; died in Melbourne, 

 Victoria, Nov. 4. 1892. He entered political life in 

 Australia in 1864, when he was elected to the Legis- 

 lative Assembly for the district of Wimmera, which 

 he represented till 1880. In 1881-'83 he was a mem- 

 ber of Sir Bryan O'Loghlen's Cabinet, without a port- 

 folio, and from 1884 till his death he was President 

 of the Legislative Council. He took a prominent part 

 in commercial affairs, and was one of the organizers 

 of the Melbourne Exhibition of 1888. 



Mackenzie, Alexander, a Canadian statesman, born in 

 Logierait, England, Jan. 28, 1822; died at Toronto, 

 April 17, 1892. He was the third son of Alexander 

 Mackenzie, an architect and contractor. He went to 

 a private school at Perth for two years, and for two 

 more years to the parish school at Moulin, and spent 

 a few months at the grammar school of Dunkeld. 

 His father died when he was fourteen years old, leav- 

 ing a widow and seven sons, and the boy went to 

 work as a builder and stone mason. He emigrated to 

 Upper Canada in 1842, and worked first as a journey- 

 man builder at Kingston. In 1843 he was joined by 

 his brother Hope, and for four years they worked to- 

 gether, making steady progress in business, but even 

 then taking a keen interest in the struggle of the Re- 

 form party with Lord Metcalfe, for the completion of 

 responsible government. In 1848 their mother and 

 five other brothers followed them to Canada, and the 

 whole family then settled at Sarnia, in Western On- 

 tario. When the Lambton " Shield" was started to 

 represent the Liberals in that district. Alexander 

 Mackenzie added the editorial duties to his ordinary 

 business for two years. In 1862 he succeeded his 

 brother Hope to the Legislative Assembly of the 

 United Canadas. In Parliament he at once came to 

 the front; his untiring energy, his businesslike ac- 

 curacy, his keen perception and reliable judgment, 

 and, above all, his inflexible integrity, soon won him 

 the esteem of his fellow-legislators. After the defeat 

 of the Liberal leader at the first Federal election, he 

 became leader first of Ontario Liberal members, and 

 then of the whole Opposition. In 1871 he entered the 

 Ontario Legislative Assembly, as well as the Federal 



House, and, after helping Mr. Edward Blake to turn 

 out the provincial ministry, he took office in the new 

 Cabinet, first as Secretary and then as Minister of 

 Finance. In 1872, however, he resigned this position 

 and gave himself up to Federal politics. When, on 

 Nov. 5, 1873, Sir John Macdoiiald and his ministry 

 had to resign on account of the Pacific Kail road seaii- 

 dal,he was charged with the formation of a new ( 'alii- 

 net. lie dissolved Parliament in 1874 and won a 

 sweeping victory, and, backed up by a large majority, 

 he was enabled to carry a remarkable number of im- 

 portant measures. He declared himself an canie,-t 

 advocate and upholder of the present connection with 

 the mother country, but was in favor of unrestricted 

 reciprocity with the United States, in so far as it 

 could be obtained without discrimination against the 

 mother country. On two occasions the Liberal Pre- 

 mier took ground in opposition to the Imperial Gov- 

 ernment. In his royal instructions to Lord Dutterin 

 Lord Kimberley had advised the Governor-General 

 to use the prerogative of pardon according to his own 

 discretion, whether the Privy Council for Canada 

 concurred or otherwise. Mackenzie insisted that the 

 prerogative should be exercised only according to the 

 advice of the responsible ministry. The Government 

 gave way to his claim, and he insisted, with a similar 

 result, on the appointment of Canadian diplomats to 

 deal with foreign countries when Canadian interests 

 were involved. At the general election in 1878 he 

 was defeated by an overwhelming majority, the coun- 

 try declaring for Sir John Macdonald's " National 

 Policy," which was to remedy the depression of trade 

 by a protective tariff. He remained a member of 

 Parliament until his death. 



Mackenzie, Sir Morell, an English physician, born at 

 Leytoristone, in 1837 ; died Feb. 3, 18!)2. He received 

 his medical education at the London Hospital, and at 

 Paris and Vienna. Quite early in his career, in 1863, 

 he founded the Hospital for Diseases of the Throat in 

 London, and in the same year he obtained the Jack- 

 sonian prize for an essay on " The Pathology and 

 Treatment of Diseases of the Larynx." Shortly aft- 

 erward he was appointed, first, assistant physician, 

 and subsequently physician of the London Hospital, 

 in which institution he was also lecturer on diseases 

 of the throat. His contributions to professional lit- 

 erature were numerous, laryngology being his almost 

 invariable subject; and, in particular, his book on 

 " Diseases of the Throat and Nose," which has been 

 translated into Frencli and German, is regarded as a 

 standard work. The treatment of the Emperor Fred- 

 erick, his most illustrious patient, brought him very 

 prominently before the public, in his own country as 

 well us in Germany. The Emperor's fatal illness was 

 the occasion of a violent dispute between Sir Morell 

 Mackenzie and the German physicians, and by his 

 reply, entitled " The Fatal Illness of Frederick the 

 Noble," to the semiofficial pamphlet of the German 

 doctors, it is obvious that jealousy was on both sides 

 more conspicuous than generosity. lie was knighted 

 in 1887 for his services to the Emperor Frederick dur- 

 ing the early stages of his illness. 



McLaren, A. A., an English missionary, born in 

 Hampshire, in 1854; died in New Guinea about Jan. 

 1, 1892. lie received his early education in a national 

 school, was a clerk in a Government office for three 

 years, entered St. Augustine's College, Canterbury, 

 where he began mission work, which he continued 

 with zeal and success in Queensland, whither he was 

 sent in 1877. Returning to England ten years later to 

 obtain his degree from Durham College, he volun- 

 teered for the mission which the Australian Church, 

 aided by the Society for the Propagation of the Gos- 

 pel, established in 1889 in New Guinea on Bentley 

 Island. He and his assistants entered into friendly 

 relations with several of the native tribes, but their 

 useful activity was arrested by fever, which pros- 

 trated the whole party, and was fatal to the head of 

 the mission. 



Madier de Montjau, Alfred, a French statesman, born 

 at Nimes on Aug. 1, 1814; died at Chatou, May 25, 



