OB1TUA1UKS, KORKKJX. i M ANMM, -MATTA.) 



599 



1892. Ho studied I'm- tin- bar. and. beiinr an adherent 



,,t' iiir revolution in 1848, defended his brother and 

 oth, r soeialiM pri-om r> in 1849, and on entering the 



i|y jniii.'.l tin- Mountain. Being wounded on 



.: riea'dcs in iv.-istiiiir tin- r,ii> >l',lnt in 1 >;,!, he 



.m>hed, taking refuse in Belgium, where lie 



n-iiiainr.l unlil tin- tall of tin- empire. In IS" -I In' was 



: DepUtN . sitting \\itll tin- KxtlVllie Lett, heillir 



Mine an opponent of Gambctta, but eventually 

 ic reconciled to him. 



Manning, Henry Edward, an K Mulish Roman Catholic 

 prelate, born at Totteridirc, Hertfordshire, .lul.v !">, 

 lied in 1. on- Ion, .Ian. It, IS'.H. He was edu- 

 cated at Harrow an.l Balliol College, Oxford, being 



graduated in 1830. He was appointed rector of Lav- 

 ington and Graftham, Sussex, four years later, and 

 became Archdeacon of < 'hi. 'heater in 1840. He was 

 an ardent supporter of the Tractariau movement, 

 and, becoming dissatisfied with the position of the 

 Anglican Church in relation t<> important doctrines, 

 lie resigned his preferments and became a Roman 

 Catholic in 1851. He then entered the priesthood of 

 that Church, and founded an ecclesiastical congrega- 

 tion at Bayswater stvled the Oblates of St. Charles 

 UoiToinoo. On the death of Cardinal Wiseman, in 

 Isr,;,, he succeeded that prelate as Archbisliop of 

 : . lister. Pope Pius IX made him a cardinal 

 priot ot'SS. Andrew and Gregory on the Coelian Hill 

 in 1^7">, and in 1H~7 lie received the cardinars hat. 

 He too|< a lee]i interest in questions of social reform, 

 and \va> a sineere triend of the working classes. He 

 stroiiLfly upheld total abstinence, and exerted himself 

 actively in the matter of temperance. Although by 

 t"iu|>er;mient an aseeti.-. he was also a man of the 

 world, and \\ as mam >ided enough to win the regard 

 and approbation <>f men of all ranks and creeds. A.- 

 a theologian he was not an extremist, and was never 

 a bitter controversialist. His published works in- 

 clude: "The 1'iiitv ..f the Church" (London, 1842); 

 - Sermons " (3 vols., London, 1842-'46); " The Grounds 

 of Faith "(London, 1852); "The Temi>oral Sover- 

 eignty of the I'oj.es" , I .ondon, 1800); "The Last 

 (i lories of the Holy See ( Jrcater t hall the l'"ir>t " (Loh- 



don, ISiili; -The Present Crisis of the Holy See 

 tested by Prophecy" i London, 1861) ; " The Tempo- 

 ral Power of the Vicar of Jesus Christ" (London, 

 1862); "Sermons on Ko-le-iastical Subjects" (Lon- 

 don, 1863-73) ;" The Crownin Council on the 'Es- 

 says and Reviews'" (London, 1884); "The |: 

 Sacrament the Centre of Immutable Truth " i London, 

 1864); "The Workings of the illy Spirit " . London, 

 1864); "The Temporal Mission o'f the Holy Ghost" 

 (London, 1865); " The Temporal Power of the Pope 

 in its Political Aspect" (London, 1866); "TheKe- 

 union of Christendom " (London, 1866) ; " The Cen- 



tenary of St. Peter and the General Council' 

 dOD, 1867); - 1. n.'land and Christendom " .London, 

 Ireland: A Letter to Karl Grey " London, 

 - Rome and the Involution" (London. 

 I ' ...tional Reading" ( London, , 

 menieal Council and the Infallibility of the Roman 

 Pontill" (London, iHiJ'.i); "The Vatican Council and 

 it- Definitions" i London, 1 S 7'V; "Pctri Privilegium" 

 ( London, 1871); "The Four Great Evils of th, 

 i London, 1871); "The Fourfold Sovereignty of God " 

 (London, 1871); "The Duemon of Booratea" (Lon- 

 don, 1872); " CiBsarism and Ultrumontanism" (Lon- 

 don, 1874); "The Internal Mission of the Holy Gho.-t" 

 (London, 1875): "The Vatican Decrees in their Bear- 

 ing on Civil Allegiance " (London, 1875) ; " The True 

 Story of the Vatican Council " (London, 1877) ; " Mis- 

 cellanies" (3 vols., London, 1877-'88); " In Memory of 

 the Prince Imperial " (London, 1879) ; " The Catholic 

 Church and Modern Society" (London, 1880); "A 

 Letter on the Land Question " (London, 1881) ; " The 

 Eternal Priesthood " (London, 1883) ; " Characteris- 

 tics from the Writings of Cardinal Manning, ar- 

 ranged by \V. S. Lilly" (London, 1885); "The In- 

 dependence of the Holy See," "Keligio Viatoris" 

 i London, 1887). 



Marchal, Jean Joseph, a French prelate, born April 

 22, 1822; died May 27, 1892. He was consecrated 

 Bishop of Belley in 1873, and in April, 1880, was made 

 Archbishop of Bourses. 



Marlborough, George Charles Spencer Churchill, Duke 

 of, an English nobleman, born May 13, 1S44; died in 

 Blenheim Palace, Nov. 9, 1892. He acquired noto- 

 riety as Marquis of Blandford by his reckless extrava- 

 gance and profligate life, and his first wife, Lady Al- 

 berta Hamilton, obtained a divorce on the ground of 

 his immoralities in 1883, a few months before he suc- 

 ceeded as eighth duke to the title won by his ancestor, 

 the great Duke of Marlborough. To satisfy his cred- 

 itors, he sold the famous gallery of paintings and 

 library of his ancestral seat of Blenheim. By his 

 secona marriage, in 1888, to the widow of Louis C. 

 Hamersley, of New York, a daughter of Commodore 

 Price, of the United States navy, he obtained an in- 

 come that enabled him to live again in the stvle of a 

 nobleman. The Duke of Marlborough was a Liberal, 

 and sometimes he expressed his opinions with con- 

 siderable force of style in letters to the newspapers ; 

 but he never took any part in politics, except to op- 

 pose, in the bitter spirit of a family feud, the election 

 of his brother, Lord Randolph Churchill, a Conserva- 

 tive, as representative in Parliament from the family 

 borough of Woodstock. 



Martel, Louis Joseph, a French statesman, born in 

 St. Oiner, in 1813; died near Kvreux, March , 1892. 

 He was a Republican under the monarchy, was sent 

 as a Deputy for the Pas do Calais to the Assembly 

 of 1849, and took his seat on the Right, but held him- 

 self aloof from the Bonapartists, and after the coup 

 tfftat he returned to private life till 1863, when his 

 native town chose him as its representative in the 

 ;'orps Le'gislatif. He associated himself with Thiers, 

 Favre, and Pioard, and was one of the founders of 

 what was known as the Third party. In I s 7o, while 

 supportiiiir the empire, he refused to approve the war. 

 In 1871 he was returned for Pas do Calais, and was 

 one of the supporters of Thiers in the Left ('enter. 

 He was elected Vice-Presidcnt of the Assembly, and 

 held that post until he was elected a life Senator on 

 the formation of the Senate. He was the second one 

 chosen, and was made Vice-President of the Senate. 

 In 1876 he was called into the Cabinet of Jules Simon 

 a- Minister of Public Worship and Justice, lie suc- 

 ceeded the Due d'Audrirl'ct-Pasquier as Pn.-ldcnt of 

 the Senate in 1879, and in that year presided over the 

 Congress that elected Jules Grew President of the 

 republic. After prcsidinir over the Congress that in 

 1880 voted for the return of the Chambers to Paris, 

 he retired for reasons of health, and after that lived 

 quietly on his estate in Navarre. 



Matta, Manuel Antonio, a Chilian statesman, born in 

 Copiapo, in 1620 ; died in Santiago, June 25, 1892. He 



