630 



PERU. 



PHARMACY. 



though of recent years the trade with Germany 

 and the United States has increased to some ex- 

 tent. The imports from Great Britain in 1888 

 amounted to 5,350,000 soles: from Germany, 

 1,121,000 soles; from France, 987,000 soles; 

 from China, 704,000 soles; from Italy, 238,000 

 soles; from Belgium, 133,000 soles; from Chili, 

 81,000 soles; from other countries besides the 

 United States, 166,000 soles. The total imports 

 were 9,461,000 soles. The exports to Great Brit- 

 ain amounted for the same year to 933,000 soles ; 

 to Chili, 570,000 soles ; to France, 156,000 soles ; 

 to Germany, 15,000 soles ; to other countries be- . 

 sides the United States, 353,000 soles. The val- 

 ues of silver, gold, and other minerals are not 

 included in the exports. The commerce with 

 the United States for the years ending June 30, 

 1890, 1891. and 1892, was as follows: Imports 

 from the United States in 1890, $1,427,301 ; ex- 

 ports to, $351,695 ; showing an excess of imports 

 of $1,075,606 ; imports in 1891, $1,399,991 ; ex- 

 ports, $386,518; excess of imports, $1.013,473; 

 imports in 1892, $1,007,035 ; exports, $591,300 ; 

 excess of imports, $415,735. Of the total 

 amount of the imports from the United States 

 in 1890, merchandise to the value of $1,418,561 

 was of products of the United States. Of the 

 total exports to the United States, merchandise 

 to the amount of $325,853 entered free, while 

 goods valued at $25,842 were dutiable. The 

 imports of United States products for 1891 were 

 $1,396,207; the exports to the United States 

 free of duty were $369,405, and dutiable ex- 

 ports $17,113. For 1892, the imports of United 

 btates products were $1,002,977. Peruvian ex- 

 ports entered free of duty, $555,959; dutiable, 

 $35,341. The imports from the United States 

 vary more in character than those of any other 

 country, the leading imports consisting of pro- 

 visions, cotton goods, manufactures of steel and 

 iron and furniture ; the chief exports are sugar, 

 hides, and skins, cotton, and a small amount of 

 cubic niter. 



Political and Financial Affairs. Owing to 

 differences between the ministers the Cabinet re- 

 signed, and a new one was formed on July 2, 

 1892, composed of the following members : Pre- 

 mier and Minister of the Interior, Carlos M. 

 Elias ; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Eugenio Lar- 

 rabure y Unanue ; Minister of Finance and Com- 

 merce, Rafael Quiroz ; Minister of Justice and of 

 Public Worship, Dr. Ismail Puirredon ; Minister 

 of War and Marine, Col. Bruno Morales Ber- 

 mudez. 



The complications which had arisen between 

 Peru and Chili over the distribution of the Peru- 

 vian guano money in the hands of Chili were 

 brought to a satisfactory close. According to 

 the treaty of 1883, signed at Ancon, Chili re- 

 ceived the income from the Peruvian guano 

 beds, which was to be distributed among the 

 Peruvian creditors, inasmuch as the loans raised 

 by Peru in 1870 and 1872 were secured by the 

 guano deposits. Half of this money was placed 

 in the Bank of England, and the other half was 

 invested in 4|-per-cent. Chilian bonds. In 1890 

 an arrangement was made with Chili by which 

 the bondholders were to receive certain guano 

 deposits ; and by the Grace-Donoughmore con- 

 tract of the same year Peru ceded, among other 

 things, the guano deposits in question for sixty- 



six years in extinguishment of the creditors' 

 claims. In order to work these concessions prop- 

 erly the foreign creditors organized the Peru- 

 vian Corporation, and as such demanded the 

 money held by Chili and the Bank of England, 

 which amounted to nearly 1,000,000. But 

 the distribution was opposed by France, which 

 protested that the claims of her citizens should 

 be recognized, although Peru has always main- 

 tained that the French claims had no legal 

 standing, and that they should be decided by a 

 Peruvian tribunal. The French minister, 'M. 

 Bacourt, finally succeeded in arranging a pro- 

 tocol with Chili for the settlement of the French 

 claims against Peru, whereby one half of the 

 amount of 500,000 deposited in the Bank of 

 England was to be reserved pending arbitration, 

 and the balance to be handed over at once to 

 the Peruvian Corporation. Of the 500,000 in- 

 vested in Chilian bonds, the Peruvian Corpora- 

 tion was to receive 80 per cent., amounting to 

 400,000, while the remaining 20 per cent, was 

 to be distributed among the French claimants, 

 who are also to share equally in the money in 

 the Bank of England, subject, however, to the 

 decision of the President of the Supreme Court 

 of Justice of the Swiss Republic at Bern, who 

 was appointed arbitrator. The Peruvian Cor- 

 poration objected to this protocol, but without 

 avail, as it was signed by the French minister 

 and the Chilian Government, and approved by 

 the Congress of the latter country. In pursu- 

 ance of the convention of 1890 between Peru and 

 Chili, the Chilian Minister of Foreign Affairs, 

 Sefior Errazuriz, handed over to the Peruvian 

 charge d'affaires on Dec. 8, 1892, an order for 

 the delivery to the Peruvian Government of the 



fnano deposits on the islands of Huanillos, 

 unta de Lobos, Pabellon, Pica, and Labos de 

 Afuera, accompanied by an order from the Gov- 

 ernment making over the concessions held by 

 Chili. The documents were immediately turned 

 over to the Peruvian Corporation. 



PHARMACY. This art continues to mani- 

 fest steady progress in its different branches. 

 Higher education, better laws with their strict 

 enforcement, purer drugs with improved dis- 

 pensing, and a greater knowledge of commercial 

 practices are the lines on which pharmacy is de- 

 veloping. The proposed recognition of the claims 

 of pharmacists by physicians has met with suc- 

 cess. At the meeting of the American Medical 

 Association held in Newport during July, 1890, 

 a committee was appointed to invite the Ameri- 

 can Pharmaceutical Association to meet with 

 them hereafter. The establishment of the pro- 

 posed section of pharmacy was, however, post- 

 poned till next meeting. At the same time a 

 committee from the American Pharmaceutical 

 Association, led by Joseph P. Remington, pre- 

 sented the " National Formulary " to their at- 

 tention and requested its indorsement. This 

 section of pharmacy and materia medica came 

 into existence at the forty-second annual meet- 

 ing of the American Medical Association held in 

 Washington during May, 1891. A number of 

 pharmacists were present, and Dr. F. Woodbury 

 was chosen chairman of the section. Fifteen 

 papers of pharmaceutical interest were presented. 

 A committee of three members of the American 

 Medical Association was appointed to attend the 



