RUSSIA. 



691 



numl>ered 48.000 men, with 2,500 horses. The 



ks formed 4!< regiments of cavalry. 6 bat tal- 



i infantry, niul ~'o I mt t cries of artrllerv, a 



t..tal of :)S.:>on men, with 45,5<K) horses, file 



militia nnml>ered 3,500 men, with 8,000 horses. 



iaii<l total, on the peace footing, was K4:5,- 



(Mio in. 11 and 187,250 horses. The war effective 



1'i.r I*'.fJ, exclusive of the territorial army and 



tin' Cossack troops, was otlicially stated to be 



I'.xi combatants, with 577,796 horses and 



.V,'<;i L, r uns. 



The Navy. The Russian navy is organized in 

 two divisions the fleet of the Baltic and that 

 of the Mlack Sea. The fleet of the Baltic con- 

 sisied, in 1892, of 5 turret ships, with 53 guns; 

 11 armored cruisers, with 330 guns; 13 iron- 

 clad monitors; 3 ironclad gunboats; 3 armored 

 cruisers, with pear-shaped redoubts; 8 torpedo 

 cruisers; 2 cruisers: 3 corvettes; 10 torpedo 

 gunboats; 8 yachts; 2 torpedo vessels; 12 tor- 

 pedo boats of the first class : 8 torpedo boats of 

 the second class ; 2 transports ; and a large 

 number of smaller boats properly belonging to 

 the revenue marine. In construction are 2 iron- 

 clad cruisers and 8 first-class torpedo boats. The 

 fleet of the Black Sea consists of 6 turret ships, 

 7 cruisers, 7 schooners, 2 steamers, 2 torpedo 

 cruisers, 16 torpedo boats of the first class, 1 

 transport, and a number of smaller vessels. 

 Then* are 1 turret ship, 3 torpedo cruisers, 1 tor- 

 pedo transport, and 9 torpedo boats of the first 

 clasx under construction. The fleet kept in Si- 

 beria numbers 7 vessels and 26 smaller boats, 

 while the fleet in the Caspian Sea is composed 

 of 8 gunboats, 1 schooner, and 18 small boats. 

 The fleet had, in 1892, 1,249 officers, 807 em- 

 ployees, and 25,736 suboificers and sailors. 



The volunteer fleet, which is destined for com- 

 merce and transport of exiles in time of peace, 

 numbers 8 vessels, but by a law enacted Feb. 23, 

 ISD'J, it will receive an annual subsidy of 600,000 

 rubles for ten years, on condition that the fleet 

 . mented by 4 new fast-sailing vessels, with 

 a displacement of at least 8,000 tons, and 2 new 

 transports, which shall be specially adopted for 

 commerce. 



The biggest ironclad cruiser afloat, the " Ru- 

 rik," was hunched from the yards of the Baltic 

 works, on the Neva, on Nov. 3, 1892. The " Ru- 

 rik " measures from stem to stern 435 feet, with 

 r,7 feet beam, 25 feet 9 inch depth, and 10.933 

 tons displacement. Her speed is calculated at 

 18 knots, with triple-expansion engines of 13,- 

 250 indicated horse power. She will be armed 

 with (i s-inch guns in turrets, 14 6-inch guns, 

 inch guns, and 19 47-millimetre and 11 

 ^7-millimetre rapid-firing guns; also 2 torpedo 

 dischargers and 2 torpedo boats. The armor 

 down to the water line is 10 inches thick, and 

 below, including the keel, 5 inches. 



Commerce. The value of the imports, in 

 1MU, from European countries, exclusive of pre- 

 cious meials. was ::'j(i,300.000 rubles; from Asia, 

 :!!i.ino.l)00 rubles; from Finland, 12,800.000 ru- 

 bles; total imports, 378,500,000 rubles. The 

 value of exports to Kuropean countries was 627.- 

 ::on.iHiii rubles: to Asiatic countries, 77,200,000 

 ruble*; to Finland. 16,400,000 rubles; total ex- 

 p. us. 720.900.000 rubles. 



The following table shows the trade with the 

 different countries in 1891, in rubles : 



The imports and exports through the Russian 

 ports of the Baltic were 145,900,000 and 168,700,- 

 000 rubles respectively ; across the Finland fron- 

 tier, 12,800.000 and 16,400,000 rubles ; across the 

 European land frontiers of Russia, 119,000,000 

 and 187,100,000 rubles; by the Black Sea ports, 

 00,600,000 and 264,700,000 rubles ; by the White 

 Sea ports, 800,000 and 6.800,000 rubles; across 

 the Asiatic frontiers, 39,400,000 and 77,200,000 

 rubles. 



The following table shows the imports and ex- 

 ports in 1891, in rubles: 



Navigation. At the ports of the Baltic, in 

 1SIMI, there were 5,638 vessels entered, of which 

 !!.:;< r> were with cargoes and 2,333 in ballast, 

 while 4,983 vessels with cargoes and 589 in bal- 

 last cleared. In the White Sea ports there were 

 819 vessels entered witli cargoes and 277 in bal- 

 last, while 581 vessels cleared with cargoes. In 

 the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov 1,441 entered 

 with cargoes and 8,370 in ballast, and 4,292 



