720 



SWEDEN AND NORWAY. 



local contributions for the construction of rail- 

 roads, to the amount of 280,300 kroner, making 

 the total receipts 51,446,500 kroner. The total 

 expenditures amounted to 48,261.500 kroner, of 

 which 02,400 kroner were extraordinary expenses 

 for the construction of railroads. The ordinary 

 expenditures amounted to 48,169,100 kroner, of 

 which 484,500 kroner were for the civil list, 498,- 

 800 kroner for the Storthing. 1,195,700 kroner for 

 the Council of State, 4,717,900 kroner for in- 

 struction and ecclesiastical affairs, 5,012,700 

 kroner for justice, police, and sanitary super- 

 vision, 6,385,200 kroner for the interior, 9,921,- 

 800 kroner for public works, 8,344,100 kroner for 

 finances, 7,729,400 kroner for the army, 3,099,- 

 900 kroner for the navy, 670,300 kroner for 

 foreign affairs, and 108,800 kroner for miscellane- 

 ous expenses. The debt, which was contracted 

 lor reproductive works, amounted on June 30, 

 1891, to 116,062,700 kroner; this was offset, 

 however, by railroads and other assets to the 

 amount of 140,348,200 kroner. (For the army 

 and navy, see "Annual Cyclopaedia " for 1891.) 

 Commerce. The total value of the imports in 

 1891 amounted to 223,024,000 kroner, as against 

 208,659,000 kroner in 1890, and 191,609,000 kro- 

 ner in 1889. Of the total imports, goods of the 

 value of 63,032,000 kroner were from Great 

 Britain, 56,347,000 kroner from Germany, 25,- 

 397,000 kroner from Sweden, 24,840,000 kroner 

 from Russia and Finland, 12,056,000 kroner 

 from Denmark, 5,746,000 kroner from France, 

 8,152,000 kroner from the Netherlands, 6,314,- 

 "000 kroner from Belgium, 14,745,000 kroner 

 from the United States, and 6,395,000 kroner 

 from other countries. The total exports amounted 

 to 130,383,000 kroner, of which 43, 029,000 kroner 

 went to Great Britain, 16,028,000 kroner to Ger- 

 many, 19,002,000 kroner to Sweden, 5,129,000 

 kroner to Denmark, 9,861,000 kroner to France, 

 5,965,000 kroner to the Netherlands, 4,760,000 

 kroner to Belgium, 13,460,000 kroner to Spain, 

 1,687,000 kroner to the United States, and 11,- 

 463,000 kroner to other countries. The imports 

 of articles of consumption amounted to 93,300,- 

 000 kroner, consisting of cereals of the value of 

 48,900,000 kroner ; spirits, 5,000,000 kroner ; 

 colonial goods, 23,000,000 kroner ; fruits and 

 legumes, 2,700,000 kroner ; animals and animal 

 victuals, 13,700,000 kroner. The exports of arti- 

 cles of consumption were of the value of 50,300,- 

 00 kroner, and included cereals for 1,300,000 

 kroner, spirits for 300,000 kroner, colonial goods 

 lor 1,300,000 kroner, fruits and legumes for 200,- 

 000 kroner, and animals and animal victuals lor 

 47,200,000 kroner. Imports of raw materials 

 amounted to 45,500,000 kroner, consisting of 

 coal to the amount of 12,800,000 kroner ; metals, 

 9,600,000 kroner ; hides and skins, 6,800,000 

 kroner ; textiles, 6,900,000 kroner ; lumber, 

 4,500,000 kroner ; minerals, 4,900,000 kroner. 

 The exports of raw materials were valued at 41,- 

 900,000 kroner, and were made up of metals to 

 the amount of 1,600,000 kroner ; hides and skins, 

 7,200,000 kroner ; textiles, 300,000 kroner ; 

 lumber, 80,500,000 kroner ; minerals, 2,300,000 

 kroner. The imports of manufactures amounted 

 to 42, 400, 000 kroner, and consisted of metal ware 

 of the value of 8,600.000 kroner ; textiles, 28,- 

 100,000 kroner ; paper and paper products, 

 1,900,000 kroner ; manufactures of leather, 



1,600,000 kroner ; manufactures of wood, 2,200,- 

 000 kroner. The exports of manufactures, of the 

 value of 25,500,000 kroner, included 3,800,000 

 kroner for metal ware ; 4,400,000 kroner for tex- 

 tiles ; 2,600,000 kroner for paper ; 300,000 kroner 

 for manufactures of leather ; 14,400,000 kroner 

 for manufactures of wood. The imports of 

 drugs, chemicals, and oils, and other miscella- 

 neous merchandise, amounted to 41,800,000 

 kroner, and the exports to 12,700,000 kroner. 



Navigation. The total number of vessels 

 which entered Norwegian ports in 1890 was 12,- 

 386 of 2,654,277 tons. Of these, 3,5.13 of 902,910 

 tons were Norwegian which entered with cargoes, 

 3,118 of 753,096 tons Norwegian which entered in 

 ballast, 2,151 of 645,839 tons foreign which en- 

 tered with cargoes, and 3,564 of 292,432 tons 

 foreign which entered in ballast. The number 

 of vessels cleared was 12,444 of 2,699,853 tons. 

 Of these, 6,749 of 1,752,375 tons were Norwegian, 

 and 5,695 of 947,478 tons were foreign. Of the 

 Norwegian vessels, 6,216 of 1,533,878 tons cleared 

 with cargoes, and of the foreign vessels, 5,155 of 

 7-18,040 tons cleared with cargoes. 



The merchant navy numbered on Jan. 1, 1891, 

 7,432 vessels of 1,705,699 tons, as compared with 

 7,285 vessels of 1,611,398 tons in 1890. The 

 steam fleet numbered in 1890, 672 vessels of 

 203,115 tons. 



Communications. The railroads in 1891 had 

 a total length of 1,502 kilometers. The length 

 of telegraph lines belonging to the state was 

 7,633 kilometers, with a length of wire of 14,880 

 kilometers. The number of domestic telegrams 

 dispatched was 1,044,100 ; of international mes- 

 sages, 549,533 ; and dispatches of the service, 

 10,248. The receipts were 1,208,000 kroner ; 

 and the expenses, 1,215,118 kroner. 



The post-office forwarded in 1891, 20,721,400 

 domestic letters, 7,646,200 international letters ; 

 25,506,500 pieces of domestic printed matter, and 

 3,452,700 pieces of international printed matter ; 

 1,474,400 domestic money letters of the declared 

 value of 222,800,000 kroner, and 63,600 inter- 

 national money letters of the declared value of 

 18,500,000 kroner. The receipts amounted to 

 2,989,465 kroner, and the expenditures to 2,897,- 

 526 kroner. 



Political Crisis. The constitutional question 

 between Norway and Sweden about independent 

 diplomatic and consular representatives, which 

 was for a time suspended, broke out with full 

 force again in 1892. In the elections, which fol- 

 lowed the formation of the Steen Cabinet, the 

 Government had called upon the voters for sup- 

 port in its vindication of Norwegian rights to full 

 coequality in the union, and the country had 

 decided in its favor, electing 65 Radicals. 36 Con- 

 servatives, and 13 Moderates. The Radicals, 

 claiming that under the Constitution Norway had 

 a right to appoint its own consular representa- 

 tives, had introduced and carried a resolution in 

 the Storthing in 1891, declaring its adhesion to 

 that principle. At that time King Oscar ex- 

 pressed his regret at the action of the Storthing, 

 but remarked that a resolution was not a legisla- 

 tive enactment, and that until such an act was 

 passed by the Legislature, which would tend to 

 undermine the Act of Union, he would abstain 

 from taking any steps in the matter, in his capac- 

 ity as king of the two kingdoms. Immediately 



