SWITZERLAND. 



723 



of September, 189*?. The countries represented 

 were tin- Tinted States, England, France, Ger 

 iiuuiy, Italy, Austria, Switzerland, Belgium, 

 Spain. Sweden and Norway, and Japan. Rules 



ivliii ing to the expulsion ami exclusion of fon iun 

 crs wen- drawn up. The nilrs regarding e\<-lu 

 sion are as follows : 



Tin- fn-c entninee nt foreigners into a state can- 

 iint \n- |ii-iiliihiifil in a general manner or perma- 

 nently, unless for reasons of public interest or 

 motives of the gravest nature, viz., by reason of 

 fundamental differences in customs or civilizations, 

 ni l.y reason of dangerous organizations or accu- 

 mulations of foreigners who present themselves en 

 Huuute. The protection of national labor by itself, is 

 not sufficient reason for non-admittance. 



Knt ranee into a state may be forbidden to any 

 individual in a state of vagrancy or beggary, or who 

 i* alllu -ted with a contagions disease, or who is 

 strongly suspected of grave offenses committed in 

 the foreign state against the public security, against 

 the life or health of a person, or against property, 

 or who has been condemned in a foreign country for 

 the above-named offenses. 



In order to facilitate the definitions of political 

 offenses to be excepted in extradition treaties, the 

 following rules were adopted : 



1. Extradition is not to be granted for political 

 crimes or for misdemeanors of a purely political 

 character. 



2. This shall also apply to offenses mixed or con- 

 nected with political crimes or to misdemeanors 

 called relative political misdemeanors, unless they 

 are crimes of the gravest nature as regarded by 

 common morals or right, such as assassination, 

 murder, poisoning, voluntary and premeditated 

 mutilation and wounding, also attempts on prop- 

 erty by fire, explosion or inundation, and grave rob- 

 beries, especially if the latter have been committed 

 with violence or by force of arms. 



3. Persons who have committed acts in the course 

 of an insurrection or a civil war, in the interest of 

 either of the parties to such warfare, shall not be 

 extradited, unless such acts constitute odious barba- 

 rism or unnecessary vandalism according to martial 

 law, and in such cases only after the civil war i.s 

 ended. 



4. Under the former sections, such acts as are 

 committed airainst the fundamental law of society, 

 and not against any government in particular, are 

 not included in these rules. 



A further proposal was adopted to establish an 

 international bureau of information at Hern. 

 i.e.. a bureau which is to be charged with the 

 centralization and publication of international 

 arrangements and documents particularly, so as 

 to enable the public to ascertain the contents of 

 treaties, which has hitherto been a difficult task. 



Session of the Peace Congress. A meeting 

 of the Peace Congress was held at Bern in the 

 latter part of August, 1892. The Congress 

 decided to establish a permanent international 

 peace bureau at Bern, for the support of which 

 the Government of Switzerland is to approach 

 the constitutional authorities of all civilized 

 stairs. A. further resolution invites all European 

 peace societies to declare as their highest aim the 

 creation of a confederation of European states, 

 based upon the solidarity of interest of the sepa- 



rate state?. Proposals were discussed touching 

 a future congress of nations, and a request to ail 

 European powers to abolish the present prepara- 

 tions for war. The Congress was attended by 

 delegates from almost all nations, Americans and 

 British furnishing a large proportion. Chicago 

 was selected as the place of meeting for 1893. 



Session of the Inter-Parliament a r\ Confer- 

 ence. The meeting of the Inter-Parliamentary 

 Conference took place at Bern from August 29 

 to 81, 1892. The countries represented were 

 Switzerland, Great Britain, France, Germany, 

 Denmark, Greece, Italy, the Netherlands, Nor- 

 way, Austria, Portugal, Koumania. Sweden, 

 Spain, Liberia, Hungary, and Honduras. The 

 following proposals were adopted : 



1. The members engaged in the Conference are to 

 ask their respective Governments to help to organ- 

 ize an international conference for the recognition 

 of the rights of private property at sea in time of 

 war. 



2. The members pledge themselves to try and 

 induce their Governments to respond to the over- 

 tures of the United States with reference to the con- 

 clusion of treaties of arbitration with that Republic. 



3. The Inter-Parliamentary Conference is the 

 organ of groups of members of Parliament which 

 have been constituted or may yet be constituted for 

 the purpose of obtaining in their respective states 

 recognition for the principle that disputes between 

 states ought to be submitted for final settlement to 

 courts of arbitration. 



In order to deal with other international questions 

 of general interest, the conference establishes a 

 permanent central bureau, under the name of the 

 International Arbitration Court, with its seat in 

 Bern. 



The director of the bureau will be elected by 

 delegates of the various Parliamentary groups for a 

 term of four years, and will be eligible for re-elec- 

 tion. 



The duties of the bureau will be as follows : To 

 keep a register of the composition of the national 

 Parliamentary groups ; to enter into communication 

 with the members of all Parliaments for the pur- 

 pose of bringing about the constitution of national 

 Parliamentary groups in all countries ; to summon 

 inter-Parliamentary conferences and to occupy itself 

 with the execution of their resolutions ; to act as the 

 central organ of the national Parliamentary groups 

 for all questions regarding their mutual relations ; 

 to keep the records and collect all documents hav- 

 ing reference to arbitration and the preservation of 

 peace ; and, finally, to take generally all suitable 

 steps for advancing the objects of the Inter-Parlia- 

 mentary Conference. 



The costs of the bureau will be defrayed by the 

 national groups in the ratio of the population of the 

 different statet represented by them. 



The conference intrusts the execution of the above 

 resolution to a committee of live members of the 

 Swiss Federal Assembly. 



The Central Parliamentary Bureau in connec- 

 tion with the conference will consist of the 

 following members : Dr. Baumbach (Germany), 

 Mr. P. Stanhope (England), Ilerr Pirguet 

 (Austria), Signer Pandom (Italy), M. Trarieur 

 (France), M. Rahnsen (Netherlands), Sefior 

 Marcoartu( Spain), M. Urecchia (Roumanian, and 

 M. Ullman (Norway). The next meeting will be 

 held at C'hristiania. 



