UNITED STATES CENSUS. 



761 



thrv Stat.'-; having the largest number of Octo- 

 '.iv South Ciirolina (5,038), North Carolina 

 i.'i.t'iiT', and Louisiana (5,516). The three States 

 containing the largest number of Chinese are 

 California (72,472), Oregon (9,540), and Washing- 

 ton (8,260). The largest number of Japanese 

 are to be found in California (1,147), Washing- 

 ton (iltiO), and New York (148). California con- 

 tains more civilized Indians than any other State 

 (11,517), the next in rank being New Mexico 

 (8.554). and Mi<-hignn (5,024). 



Of the whole number of persons of African de- 

 scent, 8.202,690, or 43.68 per cent., are in the 

 South Atlantic division, and 3,479,251, or 40.58 

 per cent. , are in the South Central division of 

 and Territories. The population of per- 

 sons of African descent in 1850 was 3.638,808 ; 

 1860, 4,441,830; 1870, 4,880,009; 1880, 6,580,- 

 793 ; 1890, 7,470,040. This shows an increase 

 since 1850 of 3,831,232. The number of Chinese 

 in the United States in 1860 was, according to 

 the census returns, 34,933; 1870, 63,199; 1880, 

 105,465: 1890, 107,475. According to these 

 figures, the increase in Chinese population since 

 1860 has been 72,542. The returns of 1870 show 

 that there were 55 Japanese in the country at 

 that time ; in 1880, 148 ; 1890, 2,039. The whole 

 number of civilized Indians given in the returns 

 for 1860 was 44,021 ; 1870, 25,731 ; 1880, 66,- 

 407 ; 1890, 58,806. The per cent, of increase in 

 population of persons of African descent, 1880- 

 1890, was 13.51 ; Chinese, 1.91. 



Dwellings and Families. A special census 

 bulletin gives some interesting statistics under 

 this heading. It is explained that a dwelling, 

 for census purposes, means any building or place 

 of abode in which any person was living at the 

 time the census was taken, whether a room above 

 a warehouse or factory, a loft above a stable, a 

 wigwam on the outskirts of a settlement, a hotel, 

 a boarding or lodging house, a large tenement 

 house, or a dwelling house as ordinarily con- 

 sidered. The total number of occupied dwell- 

 ings in the United States in June, 1890, was 11,- 

 4*:!.:!18. In 1880 a total of 8,955, 812 dwellings 

 was returned, showing an increase of 2,527,506, 

 or 28.22 per cent., during the decade. The num- 

 ber of persons to a dwelling, 1890, is given as 

 5.45 as against 5.60 in 1880. The three States 

 having the largest number of dwellings are 

 Pennsylvania, 999,364 ; New York, 895,598 ; and 

 Ohio, 720.414. 



The word family, for purposes of the census, 

 includes not only the normal family, as generally 

 understood, but also all persons living alone, and 

 all larger aggregations of people having only the 

 tie of a common roof and table, as the inmates 

 of hotels, hospitals, prisons, asylums, etc. The 

 total number of families, as just defined, living 

 in the United States in June. 1890, was 12,090,- 

 152, with an aggregate population of 62,622,250, 

 or 4.93 persons, on the average, to each family. 

 In 1880 there were returned 9,945,916 families, 

 the average size of each family at that period 

 bi'ini, r 5.04 for the entire country, with a pop- 

 ulation of 50,155,783. The States having 

 the largest number of families, 1890, are New 

 York, 1,308,015; Pennsylvania, 1,061,626; and 

 Ohio, 785,291. The per' cent, of increase in the 

 number of families in 1880-1890 is shown as 

 27.59. 



From a table of cities in this bulletin, it is 

 gat In-red that the three cities having the largest 

 number of families, 1890, are New York (812- 

 766); Chicago (220,320) ; Philadelphia (205,- 

 185) . The tnree cities having the largest num- 

 ber of dwellings, 1890, are Philadelphia (187,- 

 053) ; Chicago (127.871) ; and Brooklyn, N. Y. 

 (82,282). New York stands fourth on the list, 

 with 81,828 dwellings. One of the most useful 

 exhibits in the bulletin reveals the fact that there 

 were, in 1890, 72,558 dwellings each of which 

 contained 21 persons or over ; 71,582, 16 to 20 

 persons ; 354,882, 11 to 15 persons ; 885,149, 

 10 persons ; 511,069, 9 persons ; 762,568, 8 per. 

 sons ; 1,056,289, 7 persons ; 1,375,953, 6 per- 

 sons ; 1,712,525, 5 persons ; 1,822,092, 4 persons ; 

 1,711,898, 3 persons ; 1,276,736, 2 persons ; and 

 370,067 dwellings were reported as containing 

 only 1 person in each. 



Juvenile Reformatories. Additional facts 

 and figures have been furnished concerning the 

 inmates of juvenile reformatories. They in- 

 clude tabular exhibits with classifications by age, 

 sex, and offenses charged. A comparison is made 

 of the total number of offenses by adults as 

 against those committed by juveniles. The num- 

 ber of offenses committed by adults for the year 

 ending June 1, 1890, was 82,329 ; by juveniles, 

 14,846. Of the adults, 75,924 offenses were com- 

 mitted by males and 6,405 by females. De- 

 tails as to juvenile offenses show 11,535 by males 

 and 3,311 by females. Under the heading 

 Offenses against the Government, 1,839 are 

 charged against adults and 18 against juveniles ; 

 against society, 18,865 adults, (5,930 juveniles ; 

 against the person, 17,281 adults,. 308 juvenile ; 

 against property, 37,707 adults and 4,515 juve- 

 nile. The Superintendent of the Census remarks 

 in his report that the greatest social peril of 

 juvenile crime consists in its irregularity, not in 

 its audacity. It is the promise of future peril 

 to the community rather than any present or 

 immediate danger. 



Homicide. It is reported that of 82,329 

 prisoners in the United States, June 1, 1890, the 

 number charged with homicide was 7,836, or 8.97 

 per cent. Omitting 35 who were charged with 

 double crimes, 6,958, or 94.65 per cent., were men, 

 and 893, or 5.35 per cent., were women. Of the 

 total, 4,425 were white, 2,739 negroes, 94 Chi- 

 nese, 1 Japanese, and 92 Indians. One-sixth of 

 them are reported as under 24 years of age, and 

 more than one-half under 83 years of age. Nearly 

 one-half were unmarried. The percentage of those 

 able to read and write, 61.73 ; of those who can 

 read only, 4.84 ; of those who can do neither, 

 83.48. More than four-fifths have no trade. The 

 habits of 973, in respect to the use of intoxicating 

 liquors, are not stated. The remaining 6.378 are 

 classed as follows : total abstainers, 1,282 ; occa- 

 sional or moderate drinkers, 3,829 ; drunkards, 

 1,267. Four hundred and sixty-three have served 

 as soldiers in the Civil War. Concerning their 

 physical condition, 6.149 were in good health, 

 600 ill, 283 insane, 24 blind, 14 deaf and dumb, 

 18 idiots, and 26:J cripplt s. 



Of those convicted, it is reported that, when the 

 returns were made, 158 were awaiting execution, 

 2,406 had been sentenced to imprisonment for 

 life, 845 for 20 years and over, 1,488 for from 10 

 to 19 years, and 1,395 for less than 10 years. The 



